Chapter 14 (Learn Smart)
The purpose of the Hershey Chase experiments was to determine whether a bacteriophage injected which of these two items into a cell?
protein & DNA
A chromosome is composed of ...
proteins & DNA
DNA replication that leads to the production of double helices with one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand is consistent with ...
semiconservative replication
Different models of DNA replication included ...
semiconservative replication, dispersive replication, & conservative replication
Griffith's experiments were important because they showed ...
that the genetic material could be passed from one cell to another
The stability of DNA molecules is due to ...
the sum of the hydrogen bonds between base pairs
Guanine forms __________ hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
three
Chargaff's experiments showed that the amount of adenine in a sample was always the same as the amount of ...
thymine
In a DNA double helix with 23% adenine, you would expect to also see 23% ...
thymine
Franklin determined that the structure of DNA was helical based on ...
x-ray diffraction analysis
Match the function of each DNA polymerase in E. coli. 1. I 2. II 3. III
1. acts on the lagging strand to remove primers and replace them with DNA 2. not involved in replication but used for DNA repair 3. the main replication enzyme
Put the steps of prokaryotic DNA replication in order
1. initiation at OriC 2. replication proceeds bidirectionally 3. replication ends at terminus
List several differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication.
1. number of origins of replication 2. complexity of enzymology 3. structure of chromosome (linear vs. circular)
During DNA replication, how many strands of DNA are used as templates to synthesize new strands?
2
Which of these best describes the density of the bacterial DNA after the second round of replication in the Meselson-Stahl experiments?
2 density classes - one intermediate and one 14N
DNA polymerase I, II, and III have _____' to _____' exonuclease activity, which provides a proof-reading function, allowing them to remove a mispaired based.
3 5
A new DNA strand can only be synthesized in a _____' to _____' direction.
5 3
What is a thymine dimer?
A site where two adjacent thymine bases become covalently cross-linked to each other
In a DNA double helix, TWO hydrogen bonds form between ...
adenine and thymine
The term used to describe two DNA strands that run in opposite directions from each other is ...
antiparallel
DNA's phosphodiester __________ is composed of sugars and phosphates.
backbone
In E.coli, oriC is the site at which replication ...
begins
A heavy isotope of nitrogen was used in the Meselson-Stahl experiments so that ...
different DNA molecules could be separated via ultracentrifugation
The interaction of two chains of nucleotides via hydrogen bonds is the ...
double helix
The __________ of replication is a site within a chromosome where DNA replication begins.
origin
The nucleotides in the backbone of the DNA strand are held together by covalent bonds known as __________ bonds.
phosphodiester
Repeating sugar and phosphate units in a single DNA strand make up the ...
phosphodiester backbone
Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication.
polymerase, nucleotides, & template
In the Meselson - Stahl experiment, what was the expected composition of DNA molecules after two rounds of replication, if the conservative model was correct?
The DNA strands would be all heavy or all light
Which of the following types of Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria did Griffith inject into mice?
live, rough, heat killed, & smooth
Nucleotides contain a sugar, a phosphate, and a ____________ base.
nitrogenous
The enzyme DNA __________ covalently links nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands together during DNA replication.
polymerase
Match the following strand with the type of synthesis: 1. Leading strand 2. Lagging strand
1. Synthesized continuously 2. Synthesized in small fragments that are later connected
Match the types of repair mechanisms with how they work: 1. Specific 2. Nonspecific
1. Target a single kind of lesion in DNA and repair that damage 2. Repair multiple kinds of lesions in DNA, using a single mechanism
Match these enzymes involved in DNA replication with their function: 1. Helicase 2. Topoisomerase 3. Primase 4. Polymerase
1. Uses ATP to unwind DNA strands 2. Relieves strain caused by unwinding and prevents supercoiling 3. Synthesizes 10-12 bp RNA sequences that function as primers 4. Synthesize new DNA strand by attaching nucleotides to the 3' end of the DNA strand.
A bacteriophage is composed of ...
DNA & proteins
Which of these are part of the Watson-Crick model?
Each DNA molecule is composed of 2 phosphodiester strands & Each DNA molecules is composed of two strands that run antiparallel.
In which of the following chromosomal entities are an individual's traits specified?
Genes
The experiments with radioactively labeled phage that showed that DNA was the genetic material were performed by ...
Hershey and Chase
Which of these is not required for DNA replication?
Lipids
The discovery of a substance called nuclein, later to be named nucleic acid, was accomplished by ...
Miescher
In base pairing between complimentary strands of DNA, A pairs with _____ and C pairs with _____.
T G
Indicate the 4 nitrogenous bases used in DNA.
guanine, cytosine, adenine, & thymine
The enzyme DNA __________ is the topoisomerase involved in DNA replication.
gyrase
The enzyme __________ uses ATP to unwind the DNA template.
helicase
The primary purpose of the Meselson and Stahl experiments was to determine ...
how DNA replicates
The T2 bacteriophage was an ideal model system for the Hershey Chase experiments because ...
it is made of only protein and DNA
The DNA structure proposed by Watson and Crick involves ...
a helical structure, a sugar phosphate backbone, & two grooves (major and minor)
Features of the Watson Crick model include ...
a sugar phosphate backbone, a helical structure, & a double stranded structure
DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is complicated by the fact that eukaryotic cells have ...
linear chromosomes
