Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders

If an identical twin suffers from a mood disorder, the other twin has about a _____ percent chance of developing the disorder as well.

50%

Which of the following is a myth about suicide? A.People who talk about it are less likely to actually do it. B.Suicide usually occurs with little or no warning. C.Most people have never thought about suicide.

All of the above are myths about suicide.

Marie, a citizen of France, is preoccupied with thinness. She exercises excessively and refuses to eat. It is possible that she will die from her illness. Marie is most likely suffering from which of the following disorders?

Anorexia Nervosa

Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR describes clinical disorders including symptoms that cause distress or significantly impair social or occupational functioning?

Axis I

Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR describes the individual's general medical condition?

Axis III

Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR describes the patient's global assessment of functioning?

Axis V

___________ disorder involves repeated episodes of mania, which is unreasonable elation and hyperactivity, and depression.

Bipolar

Impulsivity and instability in mood, relationships, and self-image are part of the _____ personality disorder.

Borderline

Which of the following statements reflects the biopsychosocial model of depression? A. Some women may inherit a genetic or hormonal predisposition toward depression, and then our society's socialization processes for women may reinforce certain behaviors that increase the chances for depression. B. If we socialize men to suppress their emotions, they may be overlooking and underreporting their feelings of sadness and helplessness. C. Both a and b are statements that reflect the biopsychosocial model. O D. Neither a nor b are statements that reflect the biopsychosocial model.

C. Both a and b are statements that reflect the biopsychosocial model.

Distorted thinking that magnifies ordinary threats or failures is the _____ explanation for anxiety disorders.

Cognitive

Repetitive, ritualistic behaviors such as handwashing, counting, or putting things in order that are associated with an anxiety state are called _____.

Compulsions

___________ disorders involve amnesia, fugue, or multiple personalities resulting from avoidance of painful memories.

Dissociative

This type of anxiety is associated with a generalized anxiety disorder.

Free-Floating

A major difference between major depressive and bipolar disorder is that only in bipolar disorders do people have _____.

Manic episodes

In _____ disorder, the individual suffers brief attacks of intense apprehension.

Panic

______ disorder involves sudden and inexplicable attacks of intense fear. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, dizziness, trembling, terror, and feelings of impending doom.

Panic

_____________ disorders involve inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that cause significant impairment of social and occupational functioning.

Personality

The term _______ refers to intense, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

Phobia

The term ___________ refers to a group of psychotic disorders involving major disturbances in perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior.

Schizophrenia

With ___________, The individual withdraws from people and reality often retreating into a fantasy life of delusions and hallucinations.

Schizophrenia

According to _____ theory, modeling and imitation may be the causes of some phobias.

Social Learning

According to the ________ model, our fast-paced lives, decrease job security and lack family support may be a reason for the increase in anxiety disorders in the past 50 years.

Sociocultural

comorbidity

The co-occurrence of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time

Amnesia, fugue, and dissociative identity disorder share this characteristic:

a separation of experience and memory

Jack feels unable to leave the safety of his home. He has already been diagnosed as suffering from panic attacks. He fears that if he goes out in public, he will suffer another panic attack and will be unable to receive help or escape. What secondary disorder has Jack most likely developed?

agoraphobia

Which of the following is/are possible cause/s of schizophrenia? O A. genetic predispositions O B. overactivity of dopamine neurons O C. brain damage

all of the above

Mood disorders are sometimes treated by _____ drugs, which affect the amount or functioning of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain.

antidepressant

Which of the following disorders are among the easiest disorders to treat and have one of the best chances for recovery?

anxiety disorders

Rodrigo has experienced the sudden, accidental death of a loved one. He is now suffering from trembling, heart palpitations, and seizure-like episodes. Rodrigo most likely suffers from which of the following culture-bound disorders?

attack of nerves `

Family studies have shown that when it comes to schizophrenia, children are more similar to their _____.

biological parents than their adoptive parents

People with _____ frequently have a childhood history of neglect and abuse, and as adults tend to see themselves and everyone else in absolutes.

borderline personality disorder

Which of the following personality disorders is most commonly diagnosed?

borderline personality disorder

possible causes of anxiety disorders

classical conditioning social-learning genetic predisposition

Even though emotional deprivation, harsh and inconsistent discipline, and modeling are all highly correlated with antisocial personality disorder, you cannot conclude that these are the causes of this disorder because _____.

correlation does not mean causation

Believing you are the Queen of England or Jesus Christ would be a symptom called

delusions

Marcia describes losing her sense of reality and feeling estranged from herself. She is most closely describing which of the following disorders?

depersonalization disorder

Being socialized to suppress their emotions and show distress by acting out may explain why fewer men than women are diagnosed with

depression

Internal, stable, and global attributions for failure or unpleasant circumstances are associated with _____.

depression

Brian no longer has any memory of his own identity and has wandered off from home. Brian most likely suffers from which of the following disorders?

dissociative fugue

Multiple personality disorder is now called _____.

dissociative identity disorder

Severe trauma may explain the origins of _____.

dissociative identity disorder

In the Japanese social phobia called TKS, people fear that they will _____.

embarass others

Which of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

hallucinations

A Vietnamese man suffers from the irrational belief that his penis is retracting into his abdomen and that when it is fully retracted, death will result. He is most likely suffering from _______________.

koro

Impulsive behavior, egocentrism, lack of a conscience, and _____ are all characteristic of an antisocial personality disorder.

manipulation of others

Delusions

mistaken beliefs maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary.

This was a Freudian term for the causes of anxiety disorders.

neurosis

The prognosis for some people with schizophrenia is better in _____.

nonindustrialized societies

Cynthia suffers from sudden, intense attacks of intense fear. During these acute attacks, she has difficulty breathing and fears suffocation. She also suffers from heart palpitations, dizziness, trembling, terror, and feelings of impending doom. During these seemingly random attacks, she fears that she will die. Cynthia is most likely suffering from which of the following disorders?

panic disorder

Delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech are _____ symptoms of schizophrenia

positive

A native of Ethiopia is experiencing involuntary movements and mutism. When he can speak, his language is incomprehensible. He is most likely suffering from which of the following illnesses?

possession by "Zar"

Inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that disrupt occupational and social functioning are _____.

related to a personality disorder

A Thai woman suffers from wild outbursts and aggressive behaviors. She attempts to injure or kill others in her village. She is most likely suffering from which culture-bound disorder?

running amok

Auditory hallucinations are most common in _____.

schizophrenia

Hallucinations and delusions are symptoms of _____.

schizophrenia

The frontal and temporal lobes appear to be less active in some people with _____.

schizophrenia

Psychosis

serious mental disorders characterized by loss of contact with reality and extreme mental disruption.

Amy has an intense fear of injections. Although she realizes that this fear is irrational, she becomes fearful just going into a doctor's office for a check-up for fear that she will need an injection or even that she will see a syringe. Which disorder do these symptoms most closely describe?

specific phobia

Hiroko suffers from a morbid fear that she will do something to embarrass someone else. Therefore, she avoids contact with other people. Which of the following disorders is she most likely experiencing?

taijin kyofusho (TKS)

Insanity

the legal term applied when people cannot be held responsible for their actions or allowed to manage their own affairs because of mental illness.

dopamine hypothesis

the theory that overactivity of dopamine neurons may contribute to some forms of schizophrenia.