Chapter 14 Section 2 - Compromise Fail

What led Harriet Beecher Stowe to write the book, Uncle Tom's Cabin?

- Anger over the Fugitive Slave Act - She wanted to make people see slavery as evil.

To win southern support, what did Douglas proposed?

- Douglas proposed that slavery in the new territories be decided by popular sovereignty. - Thus, in effect, the Kansas-Nebraska Act undid the Missouri Compromise.

The Compromise of 1850

- In September 1850, Congress finally passed five bills based on Clay's proposals. This series of laws became known as the Compromise of 1850. - President Zachary Taylor had opposed the Compromise. - However, Taylor died in 1850. The new President, Millard Fillmore, supported the Compromise and signed it into law.

Growing violence in Kansas:

- Kansas now had two governments, each claiming the right to impose their government on the territory. - Violence broke out as proslavery and antislavery settlers battled for control. - a proslavery sheriff was shot when he tried to arrest some antislavery settlers in the town of Lawrence. The next month, he returned with 800 men and attacked the town.

How did southerners feel about Stowe's book?

- Many white southerners were outraged by Stowe's book. - They criticized it as propaganda - They claimed the novel did not give a fair or accurate picture of the lives of enslaved African Americans.

How did northerners feel about the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

- Northerners were angry - Under the Missouri Compromise, slavery had not been allowed in the territories; now that ban would end . - They believed that Douglas had betrayed them by reopening the issue of slavery in the territories.

Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?

- The daughter of an abolitionist minister., - Stowe met many people who had escaped from slavery. - She decided to write "something that will make this whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is." - she wrote the antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin

Northerners were outraged to see people accused of being fugitive slaves deprived of their freedom.

- The new law was opposed by the north as people who were never slaves were being arrested - An Indiana man was torn from his wife and children and given to an owner who claimed the man had escaped 19 years earlier. - A wealthy African American tailor was carried back to South Carolina after living in New York for years. His friends quickly raised enough money to buy his freedom. But most who were shipped south remained there. - Thousands of northern African Americans fled to the safety of Canada, including many who had never been enslaved.

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

- allowed special government officials to arrest any person accused of being a runaway slave. - Suspects had no right to a trial to prove that they had been falsely accused. - All that was required to deprive them of their freedom was for a slaveholder or any white witness to swear that the suspect was the slaveholder's property. - the law required northern citizens to help capture accused runaways if authorities requested assistance.

John Brown

- an antislavery settler from Connecticut - led seven men to a proslavery settlement near Pottawatomie Creek and there, they murdered five proslavery men and boys.

Stephen Douglas

- introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 - He wanted to see a railroad built from Illinois through the Nebraska Territory to the Pacific Coast. - In 1853, Douglas suggested forming two new territories—the Kansas Territory and the Nebraska Territory. .

To please the South, The Compromise of 1850:

- popular sovereignty would be used to decide the question of slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession. - People in the states created from that territory would vote whether to be a free state or a slave state when they requested admission to the Union. - In return for agreeing to outlaw the slave trade in Washington, D.C., southerners got a tough new fugitive slave law.

Charles Sumner of Massachusetts

- the leading abolitionist senator - In a fiery speech, he denounced the proslavery legislature in Kansas. - He then attacked his southern foes, singling out Andrew Butler, an elderly senator from South Carolina. Butler was not present the day Sumner made his speech. - A few days later, however, Butler's nephew, Congressman Preston Brooks, marched into the Senate chamber. Using a heavy cane, Brooks beat Sumner until he fell to the floor, bloody and unconscious. Sumner never completely recovered from his injuries. - Many southerners felt that Sumner got what he deserved.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

- the nation moved closer to war after Congress passed this act - allowed settlers in the territories to decide whether their territory would allow slavery.

What impact did the violence in Kansas have on the US Senate?

- the violence in Kansas spilled over into the United States Senate.

To please the North, The Compromise of 1850:

-California was admitted to the Union as a free state. - the Compromise banned the slave trade in the nation's capital. - However, Congress declared that it had no power to regulate the slave trade between slave states.

What did John C. Calhoun hoped that the Fugitive Slave Law would do?

-that the Fugitive Slave Law would force northerners to admit that slaveholders had rights to their property. - Instead, every time the law was enforced, it convinced more northerners that slavery was evil.

Abolitionist

A person who wanted to end slavery

Why did Kansas nickname Bleeding Kansas?

Because the violence was so bad that it earned Kansas the name Bleeding Kansas.

How did Stephen Douglas's plan undo the Missouri Compromise?

By allowing the territories to use popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue, the Missouri Compromise ban was ended.

How did the Compromise of 1850 deal with the admission of California to the Union?

California was admitted to the Union as a free state.

What did Brooks' violent act show?

It showed more evidence that slavery was brutal and inhuman.

What impact did Uncle Tom's Cabin have?

Stowe's book made white southerners feel angry and threatened because it turned the North more strongly against slavery.

What was the outcome of the election to select a legislature in the Kansas Territory?

The first election resulted in a legislature that favored slavery. Foes of slavery did not accept it and elected their own legislature.

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect the population of the territories?

The population increased as settlers flooded the territory.

Did southerners supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Yes because they were sure that the slave owners from Missouri would move across the border into Kansas. They hoped that in time Kansas would enter the union as a slave state.

foe

an enemy or opponent

The Compromise of 1850 was designed to

end the crisis by giving both supporters and opponents of slavery part of what they wanted.

propaganda

false or misleading information that is spread to further a cause.

What happened in city after city?

residents banded together to resist the Fugitive Slave Law. - When two white Georgians arrived in Boston to seize fugitives, Bostonians threatened the slave catchers with harm if they did not leave the city right away. - Another group rescued an accused runaway and sent him to safety in Canada. When the mob leaders were arrested, local juries refused to convict them.

What did the key part and most controversial part of the Compromised of 1850 ?

the Fugitive Slave Act.

deprive

to keep from happening; to take away by force or intent

impose

to place a burden on someone