Chapter 14 smartbook

Griffith's experiments were important because they showed ______.

that the genetic material could be passed from one cell to another

Griffith's studies were instrumental in the discovery of DNA as the genetic material because his experiments demonstrated ______.

transformation in bacteria

Viruses that infect bacteria are known as ______.

bacteriophages

Nucleotides contain a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous ______

base

Genes, which contain trait specifying information, are located on

chromosomes

The results of the Hershey and Chase experiments suggested that DNA was the genetic material because ______.

radioactive bacteriophage DNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells

DNA replication that leads to the production of double helices with one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand is consistent with ______.

semiconservative

The DNA structure proposed by Watson and Crick involves ______.

-two grooves (major and minor) -a sugar phosphate backbone -a helical structure

Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material?

- DNA digesting enzymes - RNA digesting enzymes - Carbohydrate digesting enzymes

Which of these are part of the Watson-Crick model of the structure of DNA molecules?

- Each DNA molecule is composed of two strands that run antiparallel. - Each DNA molecule is composed of 2 phosphodiester strands.

Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty. Multiple select question.

- Protein-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability. - RNA-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability. - The elemental composition of the substance was very similar to that of DNA. - DNA-digesting enzymes destroyed its transforming ability.

Features of the Watson and Crick model include ______.

- a helical structure - a sugar phosphate backbone - a double stranded structure

The DNA backbone is composed of ______.

- phosphate groups - sugars

X-ray diffraction was used to determine that the diameter of a DNA molecule is ______.

2 mm

Consider a double stranded DNA molecule. In complementary base pairing, A pairs with____ and C pairs with _____ .

Blank 1: T or thymine Blank 2: G or guanine

In DNA, consecutive nucleotides are linked via _____bonds, which are made between the 5' phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3' _____ group of another nucleotide.

Blank 1: phosphodiester Blank 2: hydroxyl or OH

A phage is a type of____ that infects ____cells.

Blank 1: virus or viruses Blank 2: bacterial or bacteria

In their experiments, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty isolated a substance, which had a transforming activity. Which of the following destroyed that substance's ability to transform bacterial cells?

DNA-digesting enzymes

In which of the following chromosomal entities are an individual's traits specified?

Genes

The experiments with radioactively labeled phage that showed that DNA was the genetic material were performed by ______. Multiple choice question.

Hershey and Chase

Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide.

Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base

Franklin used x-ray______ to suggest that DNA has a helical structure.

diffraction or crystallography

This model of DNA replication suggests that newly synthesized strands of DNA have mixtures of parental and newly synthesized portions is called ______.

dispersive

The interaction of two strands of DNA via hydrogen bonds results in a structure called the ______.

double helix

The level of DNA structure that resembles a spiral staircase is the ______.

double helix

Repeating sugar and phosphate units in a single DNA strand make up the ______.

phosphodiester backbone

Adjacent nucleotides in the same DNA strand are held together by covalent bonds known as ____ bonds.

phosphodiester or phosphoester