Chapter 14 - The Second industrial Revolution (FAV)

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Edwin Drake

person who drilled the first commercial oil well

mass transit

public transportation systems that carry large numbers of people along established routes

transcontinental railroad

railroad that crossed the entire country

Vanderbilt

railroad tycoon

entrepreneur

risk-taker using money and talent to start a business

Carnegie

steel tycoon; gave $350 million to charity

capitalism

system which private businesses run most industries

laissez-faire

type of capitalism without government intervention

Bessemer process

a steel making process that was quicker and cheaper

monopoly

an industry where one corporation has complete control

social Darwinism

belief that survival of the fittest benefits society

Thomas Edison

creator of hundreds of inventions- light bulb, phonograph

wildcatter

oil prospector

Rockefeller

oil tycoon; founder of Standard Oil

horizontal integration

owning companies that produce the same thing

vertical integration

owning the companies that supply a business

Grover Cleveland

President from 1885-1889

xenophobia

fear of foreigners

Samuel Gompers

founder of the American Federation of Labor

Alexander Graham Bell

inventor of the telephone

The Wright Brothers

inventors and pilots who made the first successful airplane flight

Knights of Labor

labor union founded in 1869

American Federation of Labor

labor union of skilled workers founded in 1886

Sherman Antitrust Act

law making it illegal to form trusts that interfere with free trade

Eugene Debs

leader of American Railway Union

Terence Powderly

leader of the Knights of Labor

blacklist

list of workers thought to be troublemakers

telegraph

machine for sending messages over wires with electricity


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