Chapter 15-16 Homework

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct?

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the:

carotid arteries.

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by:

dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle:

flows into the pulmonary arteries.

The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it:

pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation.

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

sinoatrial (SA) node.

When treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because:

the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field.

Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because:

the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy.

Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by:

ventricular fibrillation.

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct?

Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

When the myocardium requires more oxygen:

the arteries supplying the heart dilate.

Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate method of assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin tablet or spray?

Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb.

Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?

Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen, but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia.

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

a narcotic overdose.

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

abnormal breath sounds.

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

alveoli

Which of the following is a major difference between angina pectoris and AMI?

anginal pain typically subsides with rest.

A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:

apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

Upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is MOST important to:

assess the scene for potential hazards

Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is called:

atherosclerosis.

The electrical stimulus that originates in the heart's primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from the brain that arrive by way of the:

autonomic nervous system.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:

begin ventilatory assistance.

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing 100% oxygen, you should:

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

epinephrine.

At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:

expiratory wheezing.

Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hypoglycemia.

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

immune system.

Angina pectoris occurs when:

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply.

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?

oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:

perform five cycles of high-quality CPR and then apply the AED.

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

placing her in an upright position.

The AED has delivered a shock to an elderly male in cardiac arrest. Following 2 minutes of CPR, you reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm and receive a "no shock advised" message. After further resuscitation, you restore a palpable carotid pulse. Your next action should be to:

reassess airway and breathing and treat accordingly.

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

right atrium.

The purpose of defibrillation is to:

stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:

stridor.

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:

toxic chemical inhalation.

When documenting a patient's description of his or her chest pain or discomfort, the EMT should:

use the patient's own words.