chapter 15
circumstance
a determining condition
the use of columns and arches
ancient romans also inspired the work of renaissance architects , how?
perspective
artistic techniques used to give the effect of 3D depth to 2D surface
leonardo di vinci , raphael, and michaelangelo
artists in the high renaissance
dante
author of divine comedy
core
basic or essential part
rome
capital of the territories known as the papal states
decline
change to a lower level or state
they were wealthy and dominated their communities
describe the lives of the urban upper class in renaissance society
burgher
during the renaissance what was the major population
silk sugar spices
european merchants wanted to trade for
High Renaissance
final stage of italian renaissance was called
van Eyck
flanders artist that helped effect the technique of oil painting
Jan van Eyck
flemish painter who used oil painting
liberal arts
focus of education in the humanist movement led to core topics
republic
form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
gutenberg
german printer
style
having a distinctive quality or form
major land trade routes
how could traders from landlocked states gain access to the sea
the riches of italy attracted the french king, charles VIII
how did the growth of monarchial states in europe affect the italian states
venice's power was tremendously profitable and made the city-state an international power; each state dominated the economic, political , and cultural life of its region
how did the states rise to power and what kind of power did they have?
they lived miserable lives and made up a significant portion of the urban population
how were the lives of burghers and workers similar
literature of the ancient greece and rome
humanism focused on the study of
classics
humanism was based on the study of
well rounded citizens
humanist educators believed that the purpose of education was to create what?
body
humanist educators stressed the importance of preparing the what as well as the mind
well rounded citizens
humanist intended for their schools to produce what
liberal studies today known as liberal arts
humanist school base their curriculum on
secular
humanist/liberal. not religious
humanism
intellectual movement of the renaissance based on the study of humanities
venice
international power
masaccio
italian painter that helped pioneer the technique of perspective which created a 3D effect
Francesco Petrarch
italian scholar that helped to start the humanist movement and organize a search for forgotten latin manuscripts
vernacular
language of everyday speech in an everyday region
naples
located in southern italy; ruled my hereditary monarchy
florence
located in the northern region of tuscany
venice
major port city
milan, venice, florence , rome, and naples
major states in italy
raphael di vinci and michaelangelo
master painters that captured the perfection of nature and individual in their art
burgher
member of the middle class who lived in a city
flanders
most important school of art in the 1400s was in
fresco
painting done on fresh wet plaster with water based paint
poetry, grammar, rhetoric, moral philosophy and history
parts of humanities
realistic portrayal of the individual with technical and the study of movement and human anatomy
renaissance artists achieved ......
Tommaso di Giovanni (Masaccio)
renaissance period in art began with
nobility and leaders of clergy, burghers, rural peasants and urban workers
social classes of the renaissance
mercenary
soldier who fights primarily for pay
history, ethics, grammar, logic, math, and music
subjects of liberal studies
prosperous states with rich merchants and large urban centers
the growth of trade routes in italy led to.....
attain
to gain or achieve
dominate
to influence or control
vernacular
what did dante write it
he believed that morality and politics were unrelated. based on human nature
what did machiavelli think about the connection between politics and moral principles
importance of the individual which is consistent with renaissance humanism
what did machiavelli's ideas emphasize
changing human beings and focus less on religion
what did renaissance humanists believe that education should emphasize
realistic portrayal of human anatomy
what did renaissance sculptors focus on
research and the public's desire to acquire knowledge
what did the printing of books encourage
tax system
what did the sforza family create
cultures that maintain records from ancient greek and roman civilization
what did the trade routes connect italy with
fine detail
what do oil painters focus on
sforza
what family rules milan
the latin used in ancient rome as opposed to that used in medieval times
what is classical latin
the lack of single strong ruler, no centralized monarchical state
what made it possible for a number of italian states to remain independent
cicero and virgil's works
what served as models of writing
physical education and leadership
what skills were considered important
milan
what was at the crossroads of the trade routes
nobles were expected to fulfill certain ideas in renaissance society
what was expected of the nobility in renaissance society
they did not have the wall space for art that italian churches had (SCALE)
what was northern renaissance style
imitating nature and accurately portraying the human body
what was the focus of italian renaissance art
to strengthen business or family ties and provide security
what was the purpose of marriage
supervise the household and raise for children
what was the role of the mother - wife in the italian family
well-developed individual , have character, grace, talent, be a warrior , have good conduct, and interest in the arts
what were key characteristics of italy during the renaissance
milan, venice, france,
what were the major territorial states
naples 1494
where did france first strike and when
milan
which of the five dominant italian states did not have a seacoast
donatello
who benefited from their studies of art in ancient greece and rome
the church
who controlled rome
spain
who finally emerged as the winner between spain and france
machiavelli
who rejected the popular notion that rulers should base their decisions solely on moral principles
medici in 1434
who ruled florence and what year
spain
who took over naples
Francesco Petrarch
who was known as the father of italian renaissance humanism
dante, pizan
who wrote in vernacular
because of the wealth
why did france and spain want the italian states
medici was very wealthy and powerful and supported the arts
why do you think gozzoli included portraits of the medici
