chapter 15

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Which of the following statements about people with antisocial personality disorder is FALSE?

Most people with antisocial personality disorder become serial killers.

_____ are recurring thoughts of danger that create anxiety; _____ are ritualistic behaviors or mental acts that aim to reduce anxiety.

Obsessions; compulsions

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Diana has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following best describes the major symptoms of her disorder?

Tendency toward mood swings and stormy relationships with others

What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

To provide clear diagnostic categories of mental disorders.

Mr. Monk is constantly worried that if he doesn't wash his hands at least 50 times a day he will develop a rare and deadly disease. Mr. Monk's habitual hand-washing is:

a compulsion.

Angelique has not left her house for two years. She is completely terrified of going out. Based on this description, she is probably suffering from:

agoraphobia

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

agoraphobia

Among the nearly one-half of adult Americans who develop diagnosable psychological disorders at some point in their lives, which of the following types of disorder is most prevalent?

anxiety disorders

What is a diathesis?

A predisposition or vulnerability to a disorder.

Which of the following people would be diagnosed with a phobia?

Amy, who has an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of being away from home.

Eleanor is a quiet 41-year-old housewife. Occasionally, she seems to "become" a 14-year-old male juvenile delinquent. Other times she "becomes" a 52-year-old, foul-mouthed alcoholic. Eleanor is most likely to be diagnosed with:

dissociative identity disorder.

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Kyle use to love practicing his tuba, but lately he hasn't felt like playing. To make matters worse, he has lost his appetite and life seems hopeless. Which disorder would Kyle be most likely to have?

major depressive disorder

Thoughts about death, loss of appetite or overeating, insomnia or fatigue, and hopelessness are all symptoms of:

major depressive disorder

_____ is/are categorized by feelings of euphoria, creativity, and invincibility.

mania

janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

mania

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Whenever Fritz leaves his house, he has a nagging thought that he is forgetting something. He goes back to check that he has turned off the water and stove and locked the door. Some days, it takes Fritz more than an hour to actually leave the house. Fritz may be experiencing:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

_____ are characterized by persistent, extremely rigid, maladaptive patterns of behavior that interfere with normal social interactions.

personality disorder

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

Lolly believes that the C.I.A. and other government agencies are trying to kill her. This is an example of a:

delusion

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

Last week, Winona ended up in the hospital after a fight with her boyfriend. She swallowed a whole bottle of Tylenol after finding a text on her boyfriend's phone from one of his female classmates. Winona has always had difficulty regulating her emotions and often behaves impulsively. These symptoms can be signs of:

bipolar disorder

Nikita experiences periods of extreme sadness that alternate with periods of euphoric or elevated mood. Based on this description, Nikita is most likely to be experiencing:

bipolar disorder

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors