Chapter 15: A few viral diseases

Polio

*Polio can paralyse the diaphragm. Can have you in iron lungs to keep you alive. A virus that may cause paralysis and is easily preventable by the polio vaccine. Whole body: fatigue, feeling faint, fever, malaise, or wasting away Muscular: muscle weakness, loss of muscle, or muscle quiver

Respiratory Syncytial virus

- Causes individual cells to fuse. Don't function like normal cells should. a very common virus that leads to mild, cold-like symptoms in adults and older healthy children. It can be more serious in young babies, especially those in certain high-risk groups

Genital herpes

>45 million infected in US

Rabies

A deadly virus spread to people from the saliva of infected animals. Symptoms include fever, headache, excess salivation, muscle spasms, paralysis, and mental confusion. Once symptoms appear, it's nearly always fatal. A vaccine can prevent infection.

Dengue fever

A mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in tropical and subtropical areas. Symptoms are high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. In severe cases there is serious bleeding and shock, which can be life threatening.

Yellow fever

A viral infection spread by a particular species of mosquito. Headache, nausea, yellow eyes and skin (jaundice) Mild cases cause fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Serious cases may cause fatal heart, liver, and kidney conditions.

Ebola

A virus that causes severe bleeding, organ failure, and can lead to death. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, and chills. Later, a person may experience internal bleeding resulting in vomiting or coughing blood.

Adenoviruses

Also many different ones Sometimes slightly more severe Some cause laryngitis. Adenoviruses are medium-sized, nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double stranded DNA genome. Their name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953. Cause respiratory tract infections.

Neonatal herpes

Devastating and life-threatening Infection during delivery These issues may include brain damage, breathing problems, and seizures.

Differences between the common cold and flu

Flu: will commonly have a fever of 38 to 39 degrees Celsius. sometimes higher, especially in young children. Chills, extreme exhaustion, sometimes cold like symptoms, splitting headache, severe aches and pains of body/bones. Common cold: Stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, some fatigue and weakness, mild aches and pains.

West Nile

Fortunately, most people infected with WNV will have no symptoms. About 1 in 5 people who are infected will develop a fever with other symptoms. Less than 1% of infected people develop a serious, sometimes fatal, neurologic illness. Recovery from severe disease may take several weeks or months. Some of the neurologic effects may be permanent. About 10 percent of people who develop neurologic infection due to West Nile virus will die.

Herpes simplex

HSV-1 and HSV-2-- Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2, are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are ubiquitous and contagious. Cold sores Productive and latent infection Reactivated by stress and UV exposure *Once you have one cold sore, you are infected with this virus for the rest of your life.

Hepatitis viruses

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances (e.g. alcohol, certain drugs), and autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis. There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. These 5 types are of greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death they cause and the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer.

Rhinoviruses

Hundreds of different related viruses. Rhinoviruses are the most common viral infectious agents in humans and are the predominant cause of the common cold. Rhinovirus infection proliferates in temperatures between 33-35 °C, the temperatures found in the nose.

Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus)

Infectious mononucleosis, also called "mono," is a contagious disease. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can also cause this disease. It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students. At least 25% of teenagers and young adults who get infected with EBV will develop infectious mononucleosis. Symptoms: extreme fatigue fever sore throat head and body aches swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits swollen liver or spleen or both rash Most people get better in 2 to 4 weeks; however, some people may feel fatigued for several more weeks. Occasionally, the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis can last for 6 months or longer.

Influenza A, B, and C

Influenza A: are capable of infecting animals, although it is more common for people to suffer the ailments associated with this type of flu. Wild birds commonly act as the hosts for this flu virus. Type A flu virus is constantly changing and is generally responsible for the large flu epidemics. The influenza A2 virus (and other variants of influenza) is spread by people who are already infected. The most common flu hot spots are those surfaces that an infected person has touched and rooms where he has been recently, especially areas where he has been sneezing. Influenza B: found only in humans. Type B flu may cause a less severe reaction than type A flu virus, but occasionally, type B flu can still be extremely harmful. Influenza type B viruses are not classified by subtype and do not cause pandemics. Influenza C: are also found in people. They are, however, milder than either type A or B. People generally do not become very ill from the influenza type C viruses. Type C flu viruses do not cause epidemics.

Human papilloma viruses

Many strains Cause warts HPVs associated with cancers Cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile An infection that causes warts in various parts of the body, depending on the strain. Causes genital warts and ovarian cancer. Does it only cause those two things?

Viral diseases

Most URT infections are caused by viruses.

Smallpox

Only disease eliminated Effective vaccination programs 2 stocks of virus on earth The virus does still exist in labs. Much bigger blisters than chicken pox, more severe of a disease.

Gardasil vaccine against strains of virus most strongly associated with cervical cancer and genital warts

Prevents infection, does not cure infection.

SARS

Severe acute respiratory syndrome. A contagious and sometimes fatal respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus. When someone with SARS coughs or sneezes, infected droplets spray into the air. You can catch the SARS virus if you breathe in or touch these particles. The SARS virus may live on hands, tissues, and other surfaces for up to 6 hours in these droplets and up to 3 hours after the droplets have dried. Symptoms usually occur about 2 to 10 days after coming in contact with the virus. In some cases, SARS started sooner or later after first contact. People with active symptoms of illness are contagious. But it is not known for how long a person may be contagious before or after symptoms appear. Fever, dry cough, headache, muscle aches, and difficulty breathing are symptoms

Chicken Pox/Shingles

Varicella-zoster virus causes 2 diseases Chicken pox and shingles Chicken pox begins as respiratory tract infection Disseminated and localizes in peripheral nerves and skin to give rash and blisters Latent infection established that may resurface as shingles in later life *Chicken pox virus after you've had it lives in the Ganglia of the nervous system, and you can later get Shingles. Shingles: painful rash with blisters. the virus can flare up again after having the chicken pox. Doctors don't really know why.

Hemorrhagic fevers

Yellow fever, Dengue, Ebola, Marburg, chikungunya... they affect many organs, they damage the blood vessels, and they affect the body's ability to regulate itself.

Parainfluenza

a disease caused by any of a group of viruses that resemble the influenza viruses. commonly cause respiratory illnesses in infants and young children. But anyone can get HPIV illness. Symptoms may include fever, runny nose, and cough. Patients usually recover on their own

Marburg

a severe and highly fatal disease caused by a virus from the same family as the one that causes Ebola virus disease. These viruses are among the most virulent pathogens known to infect humans. Both diseases are rare, but have a capacity to cause dramatic outbreaks with high fatality. Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with severe headache and severe malaise. Many patients develop severe haemorrhagic manifestations between days 5 and 7, and fatal cases usually have some form of bleeding, often from multiple sites.

Influenza

acute and severe LRT (lower respiratory tract) infection. 3 types of influenza virus (A, B and C) Classified and identified on bases of spike proteins H-spikes and N-spikes Determine immunity or susceptibility to infection Influenza A causes most illness Viruses change easily **Stomach flu is not Influenza.

Gastroenteritis viruses

an intestinal infection marked by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever. The most common way to develop viral gastroenteritis — often called stomach flu — is through contact with an infected person or by ingesting contaminated food or water.

Hantavirus

present in mice and rodents. Rodent droppings and urine from dust could cause you to be infected. Fairly severe flu like symptom. a virus of a genus carried by rodents and causing various febrile hemorrhagic diseases, often with kidney damage or failure.

Chikungunya

virus is transmitted to people by mosquitoes. The most common symptoms of chikungunya virus infection are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. Outbreaks have occurred in countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Symptoms usually begin 3-7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. There is no vaccine to prevent or medicine to treat chikungunya virus infection. Once a person has been infected, he or she is likely to be protected from future infections.