Chapter 15 - DCUSH

What was ironic about the election of Andrew Johnson?

A man from a state that had seceded was now president.

Which of the following statements accurately describes white yeoman (small) farmers?

After the war, many white yeoman farmers went into debt, lost their farms, and became sharecroppers as a result.

What effect did emancipation have on the structure of the black family?

Black families increasingly adopted the nineteenth-century idea that men and women held different responsibilities.

When assessing the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, what can be determined about this issue?

Both Congress and the president accused the other of unconstitutional acts.

The bloodiest act of violence during Reconstruction took place in ________ in 1873, where armed whites killed hundreds of former slaves, including fifty militia members who had surrendered.

Colfax, Louisiana,

The Reconstruction amendments toppled the ideals of what Supreme Court decision?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Why specifically did Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan fail?

Ex-Confederates and pre-Civil War elite returned to power.

How did the Civil War affect planter families?

For the first time, some of them had to do physical labor.

What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives?

He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.

What did Andrew Johnson do with the land of plantation owners seized during the Civil War?

He returned it to the original owners.

When analyzing the election of 1876, what conclusion can be drawn?

If Tilden had won Louisiana, Florida, or South Carolina, he would have been president.

Why did Elizabeth Cady Stanton oppose the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment?

It did not ban discrimination in voting based on sex.

In what way was Reconstruction policy a success?

It established an amendment promising equal protection for all.

Which of the following statements is true of the Reconstruction Act?

It established black men's legal right to vote in the former Confederacy.

How did the abolition of slavery impact the women's rights movement in the United States?

It led feminists to search for new ways to make the promise of free labor real for women.

Which of the following statements is true of the Fourteenth Amendment?

It prohibited all states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Civil Rights Bill of 1866?

It promoted equality before the law.

In which way did the black church change during Reconstruction?

It started to play a central role as blacks abandoned white-controlled religious institutions.

By examining Reconstruction from 1863 to 1877, what conclusion can be drawn?

It was one of the most complex time periods in American history.

Which statement is true in reference to President Andrew Johnson?

Johnson grew up in poverty in the South and saw the planter class as a "bloated, corrupted aristocracy."

How can Andrew Johnson be compared to Abraham Lincoln?

Johnson was more stubborn and less willing to compromise than Lincoln.

Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment?

Johnson's lawyers assured moderate Republicans that he would behave for the rest of his term, so several voted to acquit him.

What benefit did Abraham Lincoln see in having Andrew Johnson on his ticket?

Lincoln's party hoped to build a Republican base in the South.

Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the Civil War?

Methodist and Baptist

In March 1867, Congress began Radical Reconstruction by adopting the ________, which created new state governments and provided for black male suffrage in the South.

Reconstruction Act

In the 1870s, who claimed to have saved the white South from the corruption of northern and black officials?

Redeemers

The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the

Second Reconstruction.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the sharecropping system?

Sharecroppers rented land and split the crops with the plantation owner.

Which statement is true about "Sherman land"?

Sherman set aside lands for settlement of black families on forty-acre plots.

The Prostrate State depicts

South Carolina under allegedly corrupt Negro rule during Reconstruction.

In the Republican free labor vision of a reconstructed South

Southern black and northern white workers would enjoy the same opportunities, and the South would become more like the North.

What can be determined through analyzing the "Sharecropping Contract"?

The contract was a type of economic slavery.

Which statement is true about the "Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson"?

The petitioners demanded land on the grounds that that they had made the lands valuable through their labor.

The Fifteenth Amendment granted blacks the right to vote. Which of the following statements accurately describes the response of African-Americans in the South to this amendment?

The vast majority of those eligible registered to vote.

How did the Reconstruction amendments change the role of government?

They set the stage for the federal government to be the protector of individual freedoms.

How did southern leaders tend to react to black freedom after the Civil War?

They tended to view it as a privilege and not a right.

For the 1868 Democratic presidential ticket, Horatio Seymour and Francis Blair Jr. had a campaign motto of

This Is a White Man's Country. Let White Men Rule."

The Whiskey Ring scandal took place during the administration of

Ulysses Grant.

The idea that change comes slowly can be evidenced by what event during Reconstruction?

Women were excluded from the suffrage amendment.

If a man from Maine came to live in the South as a teacher, what would he most likely be labeled as?

a carpetbagger

The southern Black Codes

allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.

During Reconstruction, what new southern class arose due to the building of new railroads?

an urban middle class

How do historians frequently perceive the laws and amendments introduced to the Constitution during Reconstruction?

as equivalent to a second founding of America

Which of the following did the Reconstruction amendments introduce?

birthright citizenship

President Andrew Johnson appointed provisional governors to southern states. How were they supposed to rule local affairs?

by managing local affairs as they pleased

During Radical Reconstruction, Republican governments in the South

created the region's first state-funded systems of free public education.

The Civil Rights Bill of 1866

defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law

demonstrated that, while racial definitions of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed.

After the Civil War, cotton prices

dropped

The Enforcement Acts

drove the Ku Klux Klan out of existence in 1872.

The Freedmen's Bureau's greatest accomplishments were in

education and health care.

The authors of the Reconstruction amendments gave the federal government the power to do which of the following?

enforce Americans' rights and act as the "custodian of freedom"

During Reconstruction, southern cities

enjoyed newfound prosperity as merchants traded more frequently with the North.

Southern Republicans during Reconstruction

established the South's first state-supported schools.

During Reconstruction, those like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone who supported a woman's right to vote

found themselves divided over whether to support the Fifteenth Amendment.

Anything less than ________ for African-Americans would betray the Civil War's meaning, black spokesmen insisted.

full citizenship

The Fifteenth Amendment

guaranteed that one could not be denied suffrage based on race.

Radical Republicans

hoped to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

White farmers in the late nineteenth-century South

included many sharecroppers involved in the crop-lien system.

The Liberal Republican movement in 1872

initially had little to do with Reconstruction but encouraged opposition to Grant's policies in the South.

What did Andrew Johnson focus on with his Reconstruction plan?

issuing presidential pardons

The crop-lien system

kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

Andrew Johnson

lacked Lincoln's political skills and keen sense of public opinion.

According to the petitions that freedmen sent to President Andrew Johnson, what had the government promised them?

land

The most ambitious and cherished—but least successful—of Thaddeus Stevens's aims as a Radical Republican was

land reform.

For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant

landownership.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that

most rights of citizens were under the control of state governments rather than the federal government.

Most of those termed "scalawags" during Reconstruction had been

non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War.

During Radical Reconstruction, what did every state help finance in an effort to transform the South into a society of booming factories, bustling towns, and diversified agriculture?

railroad construction

During Reconstruction, the majority of southern African-Americans

remained poor and without property.

When Congress sent Andrew Johnson the Civil Rights Bill of 1866, he

said that it would centralize power in the national government.

In terms of employment, blacks most avidly searched for

the possibility to work their own land.

What did the freedmen request in their "Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson" in 1865?

the right to purchase a homestead

Because President Johnson ended land reform and no land distribution took place,

the vast majority of rural African-Americans remained poor and without property.

Republican leader Carl Schurz called the Reconstruction amendments a "great Constitutional revolution" because

they transformed the Constitution into a vehicle for correcting injustices.

What was the northern vision for the Reconstruction-era southern economy?

to give free blacks the same employment opportunities as northern workers

The Black Codes

violated free labor principles so celebrated by the North at the time.

The Bargain of 1877

was not fulfilled in all its parts.

Sharecropping...

was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor, because they were less subject to supervision.

The election of 1876

was tainted by claims of fraud in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.