Chapter 15 -Male Reproductive System

The outer layer of the spermatic cord that plays a role in temperature regulation of the testes is the

Blank 1: cremaster Blank 2: muscle

Fill in the blank question. Just outside the prostate gland, the vas deferens unites with the duct of the seminal vesicle. The fusion of these two ducts forms the_____ duct, which passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra.

Blank 1: ejaculatory

During sexual stimulation, arteries dilate and veins are compressed causing an accumulation of blood; the penis swells and elongates, producing an

Blank 1: erection

Primary reproductive organs produce sex cells or ______, like sperm and eggs.

Blank 1: gametes

The erectile organ that enlarges and stiffens and serves to deposit semen in the vagina during sexual intercourse is the

Blank 1: penis

Which structure of the spermatic cord plays an important role in regulation of the testes? Multiple choice question.

Cremaster muscle

Select all statements that accurately describe the bulbourethral gland.

Multiple select question. [x] They secrete trace amounts of fluid that lubricate the tip of the penis and neutralize the acidity of the urethra. [] They secrete a yellowish, sugary fluid that makes up 60% of semen. [x] They are located near the bulb of the penis. [] They are a muscular duct that transports semen to the urethra. [] They surround the urethra inferior to the urinary bladder.

Name the structure labeled 'A' in the image that marks the location of the medial septum?

Perineal raphe

What is the function of meiosis?

Produce daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

What indicates the beginning of puberty in a male?

Production of FSH and LH at about 10 to 12 years of age

What are the accessory glands associated with the male reproductive system?

Prostate gland Seminal vesicles Bulbourethral glands

Hypothalamus

Reason: The hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and testes secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

Thyroid gland

Reason: The hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and testes secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

Epididymis

Recall that the epididymides (singular epididymis) are sites of maturation of sperm cells. They are tightly coiled tubes that emerge from the top of the testis, descend along its posterior surface and become the ductus deferens.

Identify the structure within the testes labeled 'A'.

Seminiferous tubule

Select the organs and structures of the male reproductive system.

Testes Prostate gland Scrotum Penis

What is smegma?

The waxy substance secreted by sebaceous glands in the skin of the glans penis

True or false: The testes originate retroperitoneal in the abdominal cavity.

True: Reason: Testes originate retroperitoneal in the abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum by one month of age.

What is the name of the fibrous capsule that surrounds the testes?

Tunica albuginea

What is the name of the surgical procedure that males can have done to achieve sterility?

Vasectomy

Which of these correctly describes circumcision?

[x] Surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin) from the penis [] Ligation of the ductus (vas) deferens [] Surgical removal of the bulbourethral gland [] Surgical removal of the prostate gland

The condition characterized by undescended testes is called

cryptorchidism.

The muscular tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct is the

ductus (vas) deferens.

The section of the penis that enlarges at its distal end to form a cone-shaped structure rich in sensory receptors for sexual stimulation, is called the ______.

glans

A cell with half the number of chromosomes as a parent cell is

haploid.

The primary spermatocyte goes through ______ to produce two equal-size, genetically unique secondary spermatocytes.

meiosis I

Which part of the sperm contains mitochondria, which supply energy for locomotion?

midpiece

Which root words mean testicle?

orch/o test/o orchid/o

The seminal vesicles are a pair of glands located

posterior to the urinary bladder.

After puberty the deepening of the voice and the increased muscle development in males are considered

secondary sexual characteristics.

Sperm cells are produced in the

seminiferous tubules

Each lobule of the testis contain one to four

seminiferous tubules.

The visible external portion of the penis is composed of the ______ and the glans.

shaft

The second process in sperm production is ______.

spermiogenesis

Testosterone and sperm are produced by the

testicles.

Inguinal canal

the channel through which the testis descends into the scrotum in the male

Tunica albuginea

white fibrous capsule on testes

A normal sperm cell has how many chromosomes?

23

Mitosis is a one-division process, in which a parent cell of 46 chromosomes replicates and divides to produce two daughter cells with ______ chromosomes each. The type of cell division that produces cells with ______ chromosomes is called meiosis.

46; 23

What is the gubernaculum?

A short cord to which the testis are attached

The epididymis is a ______ and it functions to ______.

tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; store sperm cells and promote their maturation

Each testis is covered by a fibrous capsule called the

tunica albuginea.

Name the glands that secrete hormones to control male reproductive functions.

Anterior pituitary gland Hypothalamus Testes

The type of cell division that results in daughter cells with 46 chromosomes is ______. While the type of cell division that results in cells with half the chromosome number (23) is ______.

Blank 1: mitosis Blank 2: meiosis

The diamond shaped space shown in the image, which is defined by the the pubic bone anteriorly, the ischial tuberosities laterally and the coccyx posteriorly is the

Blank 1: perineum

A fold of skin, or_____ covers the glans of the penis.

Blank 1: prepuce

In the process of spermatogenesis, the developmental sequence progresses from

spermatogonia → primary spermatocytes → secondary spermatocytes → spermatids

The process that transforms spermatids to functional sperm is called

spermiogenesis

Which of these are functions of the male reproductive system?

Secrete sex hormones Deliver sperm to the female reproductive system Produce sperm

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced by the

hypothalamus. Reason: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), produced by the hypothalamus, travels through blood vessels to the anterior lobe of the pituitary and stimulates production of gonadotropins.

The cells that lie in between the seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone are ______ cells, or cells of Leydig.

interstitial

What cells produce testosterone?

interstitial cells

The type of cell division that produces haploid gametes is called

meiosis

The doughnut-shaped gland inferior to the urinary bladder that surrounds the male urethra is the

prostate gland.

Secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II to produce a total of four

spermatids.

Name the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that affect the male reproductive system.

[] Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) [x Luteinizing hormone (LH) [] Growth hormone (GH) [x] Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

What are the characteristics of semen?

[] Semen is 70% sperm [x] Semen is 10% sperm [x] It consists of fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostrate gland and bulbourethral gland [x] It contains carbohydrates and other sperm nutrients [] It contains estrogen to prepare the egg for fertilization

Select all of these that are features of spermatogenesis.

[x] It occurs in males starting at puberty. [x] It is the process of formation of sperm cells. [x] It occurs in seminiferous tubules inside the testes. [] It occurs in males until about 50 years of age.

What are male secondary sex characteristics produced in response to testosterone?

[x] Skeletal and muscle development. [x] Increased growth of body hair. [] Decreased muscular growth, narrowing of the shoulders and waist. [x] Development of axillary and pubic hair. [x] Changes of the larynx causing a deeper voice.

The male reproductive organs that produce testosterone and sperm are the

Blank 1: testes, testicles, or testis

When a sperm penetrates an egg a(n) _____ is formed.

Blank 1: zygote or fertilized egg

In males, what are the products of meiosis I?

Secondary spermatocytes

Select all of these that are examples of gametes (sex cells).

Sperm cells Egg cells

The testes descend through an opening in the abdominal wall called the

inguinal canal

The pouch that contains the testes is called

scrotum

The pouch of skin, connective tissue and muscle that contains the testes and maintains their temperature is the

scrotum.

Highly coiled structures found inside the testes where sperm cells are formed are

seminiferous tubules.

At what age do most males begin puberty?

10-12

Which of these best describes epididmyitis?

An inflammation of the epididymis, usually caused by a bacterial infection.

Scrotum

External sac that contains the testes

Identify the structure labeled 'A' which functions to pull the testes down from the abdominal cavity into the developing scrotum.

Gubernaculum

Seminiferous tubule

Highly coiled structures found inside the testes where sperm cells are formed are

What events occurring in meiosis and are responsible for producing sperm with genetic variety?

Independent assortment Crossing over

What is the function of the epididymis?

The epididymis is the site for sperm maturation and storage.

When testosterone levels diminish in older men, so does the negative feedback mechanism of high testosterone. This causes high levels of FSH and LH which indicates ______ has begun.

andropause

Sperm cells travel from the epididymis into the

ductus (vas) deferens.

The stage in the male sexual response characterized by arteries to the penis constricting and muscles in the erectile tissue forcing excess blood from the penis through the veins resulting in a flaccid penis is called

resolution.

In the male, sperm travels from the seminiferous tubules to the ______ to the efferent ductules to the ______ to the ductus deferens to the ______ to the urethra to outside the body.

rete testes; epididymis; ejaculatory duct

Routine testicular self exams are recommended for early detection of ______ cancer.

testicular

In the male reproductive system, an imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize internal structures may be used to determine the cause of a hydrocele, epididymitis, examine a mass in the testis, and diagnose cryptorchidism. This imagining technique is called an ______.

ultrasound

Independent assortment and crossing-over occurs in ______ and create genetic variety in sperm cells.

meiosis

What is hypospadias?

A congenital defect, in which the urethra opens on the ventral side or base of the penis instead of the tip of the glans.

Select all of these that are classified as male secondary reproductive structures.

Accessory glands Spermatic cord Spermatic ducts Penis

The reproductive fluid composed of sperm and the secretions of the prostate gland, bulbourethral glands and seminal vesicles is called

Blank 1: semen or seminal fluid

True or false: Human sperm cells normally have 46 chromosomes. True false question.

False: Reason: Human body cells are diploid and have a total of 46 chromosomes. Reason: Human sperm cells normally have one copy of each type of chromosome, with a total of 23 chromosomes.

Select all statements that accurately describe the seminal vesicles.

Multiple select question. [] They lay anterior to the urinary bladder. [] They are a muscular duct that transports semen to the urethra. [x] They are about the size of a little finger. [] They secrete a whitish, alkaline fluid that protects sperm from the acidity of the vagina. [x] They secrete a sugary fluid that makes up 60% of semen.

Identify all of the stages of the male sexual response.

Resolution Arousal Emission Ejaculation

What is the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

Stimulate secretion of the gonadotropins LH and FSH by the anterior pituitary

Select all of these that are characteristics of cryptorchidism.

The condition may be corrected by testosterone injections or surgery. Most of the time the testes will descend during the first year. If left unresolved it may increase risk of testicular cancer. If left unresolved it may lead to sterility.

Select all of these that are characteristics of the penis.

[] Contains glands that produce alkaline secretions to improve sperm motility. [x] The penis deposits semen in the vagina. [x] The penis contains erectile tissue. [] The penis plays an important role in testosterone production.

Select the statements that correctly describe the ejaculatory duct.

[x] It receives fluid from the seminal vesicle. [] It is a coiled duct adhering to the posterior side of each testis. [x] It carries sperm from the prostrate gland to the urethra. [] It carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. [] It is the site of spermatogenesis.

Which structures make up the spermatic cord?

[x] Testicular artery [] Testicle [] Dartos muscle [x] Ductus deferens [x] Cremaster muscle [x] Pampiniform plexus

Select all statements that accurately describe the prostrate gland. Multiple select question.

[x] They secrete a whitish, alkaline fluid that protects sperm from the acidity of the vagina. [] They secrete a yellowish, sugary fluid that makes up 60% of semen. [] They are a muscular duct that transports semen to the urethra. [x] It surrounds the urethra inferior to the urinary bladder.

The prostate gland, the seminal vesicle and the bulbourethral glands produce secretions involved in the reproductive process, and are called

accessory glands.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), are secreted by the ______, and their role is to stimulate cells in the ______. Multiple choice question.

anterior pituitary gland; testes

The small paired structures inferior to the prostate, that produce a fluid to lubricate the end of the penis in preparation for sexual intercourse are the

bulbourethral glands.

As the concentration of testosterone ______, the hypothalamus is inhibited and the anterior pituitary secretion of LH is reduced. As the concentration of testosterone ______, the hypothalamus signals the anterior pituitary to secrete LH. Multiple choice question.

rises; falls

The dartos muscle is the smooth muscle wall of the ______ which reacts to temperature changes by contracting and relaxing. Multiple choice question.

scrotum

The head, middle piece or body and the tail are parts of a mature _____ cell.

sperm

During spermiogenesis, ______ develop into mature sperm cells.

spermatids

Germ cells that are formed in the male fetus, but remain dormant until testosterone levels rise at puberty are ______.

spermatogonia