Chapter 15 Mental Illness

The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion. *A. can perform miracles B. can quit smoking C. do not love your parents D. will be arrested for committing a crime

A

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? *A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. B. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression D. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis

A

Which of the following is not an example of suicidal ideation? *A. fearing you will die B. making a suicide attempt C. spending an unusual amount of time talking about death D. writing suicide letters

A

anti-social personality disorder

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.

Which of the following would constitute a safety behavior?

Avoiding eye contact.

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?A. asymptomatic *B. episodic C. limited in duration to a few weeks D. reoccurring every few month

B

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________. A. free-floating anxiety disorder *B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. persistent depressive disorder

B

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away. A. catatonic behavior *B. disorganized thinking C. hallucinations D. paranoid delusions

B

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder? A. anxiety B. dissociative identity C. personality D. schizophrenia

B.

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality? A. borderline personality disorder B. histrionic personality disorder *C. narcissistic personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C

are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself. A. obsessions B. ruminations *C. safety behaviors D. therapies

C

Which of the following is a good example of a flashback? A. Eugene was bitten by a snake. Now when he sees a snake, he is careful to move away slowly and silently. B. Eugene was in a boating accident. Now he experiences intense fear of large bodies of water and avoids boats. C. Eugene was in a car accident. He is convinced that if he starts, stops, and restarts the engine five times in a row he will avoid having a car accident. *D. Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again

D

Clifford falsely believes that the police have planted secret cameras in his home to monitor his every movement. Clifford's belief is an example of a

Delusion

The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

In which of the following anxiety disorders is the person in a continuous state of excessive, pointless worry and apprehension?

Generalized anxiety disorder.

Which of the following best illustrate a compulsion?

Mentally counting backward from 1000.

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value

Which of the following (short attention span, difficulty concentrating and distractibility, excessive fidgeting and squirming) is not a primary characteristic of ADHD?

Restricted and fixated interest.

Which of the following elevates the risk for developing PTSD?

Severity of the trauma.

Dr. Anastasia believes that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. His view on the cause of major depressive disorder reflects

a biological perspective.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

a childhood developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted interests

generalized anxiety disorder

a diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event

body dysmorphic disorder

a disorder characterized by the unrealistic perception of physical flaws

aniexty disorder

a mental illness characterized by extreme of unrealistic worries about daily events, experiences, or objects

major depressive disorder

a mood disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months

borderline personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control

dissociative amnesia

a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting

People with borderline personality disorder often

are impulsive and unpredictable

Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD

are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis

grandiose delusions

characterized by beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important

atypical

describes behaviors or feelings that deviate from the norm

Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves

different personalities

One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is

difficulty relating to others.

dissociative identity disorder

disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body

dissociative disorders

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

mood disorders

disorders in which mood is severely disturbed

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with

emotional deficits

agrophobia

fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

Suicide rates are ________________ among men then among women, and they are lower during the winter holiday season than during the spring months

higher

A study of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia found that the adoptees were most likely to develop schizophrenia

if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment

depersonalization/derealization disorder

individuals feel detached from their own mind and body (depersonalization) or from their surroundings (derealization)

Patterns of inner experience and behavior are thought to reflect the presence of a psychological disorder if they

lead to significant distress and impairment in one's life.

A study based on over 9,000 U.S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was

major depressive disorder

Dissociative amnesia involves

memory loss following stress

bipolar disorder

mood disorder in one experiences both manic and depressed episodes

Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the following (difficulty concentrating and making decisions, loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, psychomotor agitation and retardation) except

periods of extreme elation and euphoria.

Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following (intrusive thoughts or memories of a traumatic event, avoidance of things that remind one of a traumatic event, jumpiness) except

physical complaints that cannot be explained medically.

personality disorders

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Comorbidity

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

depressive disorders

the group of disorders marked by unipolar depression

In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves

the inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function.

The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from

vulnerability and adverse experiences.