chapter 15

planning phase

of the SDLC begins with a business need for a new or better information system. This phase involves summarizing the business needs with a high-level view of the intended project.

analysis phase

of the SDLC involves a complete, detailed analysis of the systems needs of the end user.

design phase

of the SDLC involves describing in detail the desired features of the system that it uncovered in the analysis phase.

implementation phase

of the SDLC involves development, testing and implementation of the new proposed system. Development is the process of transforming the plan from the design phase into an actual, functioning system.The Starbucks systems developers write the computer code and test it. Once testing is complete and the business requirements are met, the users are trained and the new software begins to be used.

maintenance phase

of the SDLC is the final phase of the SDLC and includes making changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades (generally smaller in scope) to ensure the system continues to meet the business requirements that have been set out for it. - The Starbucks system has continuous and regular maintenance to ensure that it meets the underlying business requirements.

phases of sdlc

Planning Phase • Analysis Phase • Design Phase • Implementation Phase • Maintenance Phase

Gantt chart

is a graphical representation of the project schedule by mapping the tasks to a project calendar.

100% Rule -

is a rule requiring 100% planning of all tasks, including all of the internal, external and interim tasks.

• 15-15 Rule -

is a rule suggesting that if a project is more than 15 percent over budget or 15 percent off the planned schedule, it will likely never recoup the time or cost necessary to be considered successful.

A feasibility study

is often used to evaluate economic, operational and technical practicability. - Starbucks marketing department may want to analyze what type of pastries sell best with its various hot and cold drinks.

project manager

is the lead member of the project team that is responsible for the project.

Project management

is the planning, organizing, supervising and directing of an IT project.

systems development life cycle

is the process of creating or modifying information systems to meet the needs of its users.

• The analysis phase further refines

the goals of the project into carefully specified functions and operations of the intended system. Starbucks systems analysis team meets with all of the desired users to ensure that considerable flexibility is built into the system in order to address both current and potential data analysis needs.

project sponsor

will often be a senior executive in the company who takes responsibility for the success of the project.

PERT chart

works to identify all tasks of a project - Notes task sequencing and task dependence. - Notes critical path - the path that represents the minimum amount of time needed for the completion of the project when sufficient resources are allocated.

contraints of it projects

quality = scope time cost

design phase may be described using

These features may be described using screen layouts, process and event diagrams (such as we learned earlier in this book), and other documentation. - The Starbucks systems designers take the requested business requirements from the analysis stage and begin to design how the new what-if Starbucks analysis system would look on a screen and the business rules needed to make such a change in the system.

The SDLC is generally viewed

as the foundation for all systems development that people use to develop such systems.