Chapter 15 Practice Test, Chapter 15 Practice Quiz, Chapter 15 Neural Integration 1
The spinothalamic pathway relays impulses associated with
"crude" sensations of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
The pyramidal system includes which of the following? -corticobulbar -lateral corticospinal -anterior corticospinal -All of the listed responses are correct.
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following serve as receptors to measure body position and balance? -Golgi tendon organs -inner ear receptors -muscle spindles -All of the listed responses are correct.
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following statements about the sensory homunculus is FALSE? -The relative size of an area of the homunculus is determined by the number of sensory receptors in that area of the body. -Pain and temperature sensations from the left side of the body are received by the right sensory homunculus. -Hearing from the left ear is processed in the right sensory homunculus. -Posterior column pathways lead to the sensory homunculus.
Hearing from the left ear is processed in the right sensory homunculus.
Which role does the medulla play in somatic motor control? -It modifies voluntary and subconscious motor patterns. -It coordinates complex motor patterns. -It balances reflexes and respiratory reflexes. -It plans and initiates voluntary motor activity.
It balances reflexes and respiratory reflexes.
Which of the following statements about adaptation is FALSE? -It is a feature of tonic receptors but not of phasic receptors. -It can occur in the CNS when inhibition of nuclei occurs along a sensory pathway. -It can occur peripherally when the level of receptor activity changes. -It is a reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
It is a feature of tonic receptors but not of phasic receptors.
frequency
Sensory information is interpreted on the basis of the ________ of arriving action potentials. For example, when pressure sensations are arriving, the harder the pressure, the higher the frequency of action potentials.
sensation
The arriving information
Which of the following statements about levels of processing and motor control is correct? -Voluntary responses are more complex than reflex reactions. -The brain grows in size and complexity until at least age four. -The number of neurons in the cerebral cortex continues to increase until at least age four. -Myelination of axons reduces the delay between stimulus and response, increasing motor control.
The number of neurons in the cerebral cortex continues to increase until at least age four.
Visceral sensory
___________ information is distributed primarily to reflex centers in the brain stem and diencephalon.
Somatic sensory
___________ information is distributed to either the pri-mary sensory cortex of the cerebral hemispheres or appropriate areas of the cerebellar hemispheres
The upper motor neuron of a somatic motor pathway has a cell body that lies in
a CNS processing center
The sensory homunculus is __________. -a functional map of the somatomotor cortex -a functional map of the somatosensory cortex -a functional map of the cerebellum -all of the listed responses
a functional map of the somatosensory cortex
Ruffini corpuscles and Golgi tendon organs are similar in their
ability to detect tension and distortion
Which of the following is a progressive degenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral hemispheres? -amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -cerebral palsy -anencephaly -anesthesia
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
What is the term for the disorder in infants in which the brain fails to develop above the mesencephalon or lower diencephalon?
anencephaly
Which of the following tracts are NOT involved in proprioception? -anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts -fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus -anterior spinothalamic and anterior spinocerebellar tracts -fasciculus cuneatus and the anterior spinothalamic tracts
anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts
The spinocerebellar pathway includes
anterior and posterior tracts
Which type of sensory receptor detects changes in pressure in an organ?
baroceptors
Which type of receptor detects pressure changes? -nociceptor -tactile receptor -baroreceptor -thermareceptor
baroreceptor
Which type of receptor detects volumes of digestive materials in the colon?
baroreceptors
The background patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities are controlled by
basal nuclei
Which part of the brain is affected by Parkinson's disease?
basal nuclei
Chemoreceptors are located in __________. -the carotid arteries -the aorta -the digestive tract -both the carotid arteries and the aorta
both the carotid arteries and the aorta
Visceral sensory information is distributed primarily to reflex centers in the:
brain stem and diencephalon
Which of the following is a possible location for a chemoreceptor?
carotid bodies
Which process inhibits nuclei along a sensory pathway and reduces the awareness of a stimulus?
central adaptation
The center of somatic motor control that coordinates complex motor patterns is th
cerebellum
The center of somatic motor control that plans and initiates voluntary motor activity is the
cerebral cortex
Chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata would be sensitive to changes in pH and Pco2 in
cerebrospinal fluid
perception
conscious awareness of a sensation
In somatic motor control, the cerebellum's role involves __________. -simple spinal reflexes -coordinating complex motor patterns -planning and initiating motor activity -inhibiting reflex patterns
coordinating complex motor patterns
The extrapyramidal tracts do NOT include which of the following? -tectospinal -reticulospinal -rubrospinal -corticobulbar
corticobulbar
Which of the following pathways provides conscious control of skeletal muscles?
corticospinal pathway
The three integrated pathways controlling conscious and subconscious motor commands in skeletal muscle are the
corticospinal, medial, and lateral
The anterior spinothalamic pathway carries the sensations of __________. -pain, heat, and cold -proprioception from the joints -fine touch and pressure -crude touch and pressure
crude touch and pressure
Which of the following is the term for the crossing of an axon from the left side to the right side or from the right side to the left side?
decussation
The relative proportions to the sensory and motor homunculus are __________. -opposite of the normal body proportions -identical to one another -different because some sensitive areas have few muscles -identical to normal body proportions
different because some sensitive areas have few muscles
Which of these types of sensory receptors is INCORRECTLY linked with its function? -interoceptor—visceral sensory -proprioceptor—monitors muscles and joints -exteroceptor—somatic sensory -exteroceptor—monitors pressure in the lungs
exteroceptor- monitors pressure in the lungs
What category of sensory receptor provides information about the external environment?
exteroceptors
The axons of the posterior column ascend within the
fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus
The posterior column pathways carry the sensation of __________.
fine touch
The posterior column pathway carries the sensations of __________. -proprioception from the joints -pain, heat, and cold -crude touch and pressure -fine touch and pressure
fine touch and pressure
Which of the following best describes the sensory information provided by the fasciculus gracilis? -pain and temperature -crude touch and pressure -fine touch, pressure, and vibration from the inferior half of the body -unconscious control of reflex actions
fine touch, pressure, and vibration from the inferior half of the body
What is the term for the branching end of a dendrite that is NOT protected by accessory structures?
free nerve ending
sensory receptors
gather information by detecting changes inside or outside the body
A receptor potential large enough to generate an action potential is called __________. -a receptive field -receptor specificity -generator potential -all of the listed responses
generator potential
The posterior column pathway receives sensations associated with
highly localized fine touch, pressure, vibration, and position
Which of the following INCORRECTLY pairs centers of somatic motor control with their activities? -inferior medulla oblongata—coordinates complex motor patterns -basal nuclei—modifies voluntary and reflexive motor patterns at the subconscious level -hypothalamus—controls stereotyped motor patterns related to eating, drinking, and sexual activity -cerebral cortex—plans and initiates voluntary motor activity
inferior medulla oblongata—coordinates complex motor patterns
The reticulospinal tract is involved with regulation of
involuntary reflex activity and autonomic functions
An individual whose primary motor cortex has been destroyed retains the ability to walk and maintain balance but the movements
lack precision and are awkward and poorly controlled
Which of the following INCORRECTLY pairs types of tactile receptors with their functions? -root hair plexus—This monitors movement across body surfaces when a hair is displaced. -free nerve endings—Found between epidermal cells, these are dendrites of sensory neurons with small receptive fields. -lamellated corpuscles—Also called Meissner corpuscles, these measure fine touch and pressure and low-frequency vibrations in eyelids, fingertips, and lips. -tactile discs—Also called Merkel discs, these measure fine touch and pressure and touch very large epithelial cells in the stratum germinativum.
lamellated corpuscles— Also called Meissner corpuscles, these measure fine touch and pressure and low-frequency vibrations in eyelids, fingertips, and lips.
Which of the following correctly links components of the pyramidal motor pathways? -pyramidal cells—located in primary motor cortex -lateral corticospinal tracts—descend without crossing to level of spinal nerves -upper motor neurons—soma lies in a CNS processing center -corticobulbar tracts—upper motor neurons that synapse with neurons of cranial nerves
lateral corticospinal tracts—descend without crossing to level of spinal nerves
The primary goal of the vestibular nuclei is
maintaining posture and balance
An individual who can understand language and knows how to respond but lacks the motor control necessary to produce the right combinations of sounds has
major motor aphasia
Which of the following paths is responsible for subconscious regulation of muscle tone and reflex activity in the neck, trunk, and proximal limbs?
medial pathway
The center of somatic motor control that controls basic respiratory reflexes is the
medulla oblongata
Which of the following is a functional map of the neurons in the cerebral cortex that control skeletal muscles?
motor homunculus
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder that affects
motor neurons and their associated skeletal muscles
Which receptors are common in superficial portions of the skin, in joint capsules, within the periostea of bones, and around the walls of blood vessels? -nociceptors -thermoreceptors -mechanoreceptors -All of the listed responses are correct.
nociceptors
A sensory first-order neuron traveling along the posterior column pathway from the arm would synapse in the
nucleus cuneatus
Which of the following is NOT classified as a general sense? -olfaction -pain -pressure -temperature
olfaction
special senses
olfaction, gustation, equilibrium, hearing, vision
Nociceptors, common in the skin, in joint capsules, and around the walls of blood vessels, are sensory receptors for
pain
Which of the following correctly defines referred pain? -pain felt in an uninjured body area rather than in the area where the injury actually occurred -pain generalized all over the body, as accompanying a fever -pain localized to a specific small area of the body where injury has occurred -pain felt as being received from an amputated limb
pain felt in an uninjured body area rather than in the area where the injury actually occurred
Which of the following correctly defines referred pain?
pain felt in an uninjured body area when it actually occurs in another location
The efferent division of the nervous system that includes nuclei, motor tracts, and motor neurons controls:
peripheral effectors
The receptors that provide information about the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus are called
phasic receptors
The spinocerebellar pathway carries information concerning the
position of muscles, tendons, and joints to the cerebellum
The three major somatic sensory pathways are the
posterior column, anterolateral, and spinocerebellar
Somatic sensory information does NOT travel to which of the following locations? -primary sensory cortex -primary motor cortex -cerebellar hemispheres -All of the listed responses are correct.
primary motor cortex
Which part of the brain is responsible for the highest level of motor command in terms of complexity and voluntary motion?
primary motor cortex
The spinocerebellar pathway carries the sensations of __________. -proprioception -crude touch and pressure -fine touch and pressure -pain, heat, and cold
proprioception
Which of the following is NOT considered a special sense? -gustation -olfaction -equilibrium -proprioception
proprioception
Which one of the following is NOT a correct linkage of a receptor type with the stimulus that excites it? -mechanoreceptor—contact or pressure on cell membrane -chemoreceptor—presence of specific molecules in body fluids -proprioceptor—touch on skin surface -nociceptor—tissue damage and pain
proprioceptor- touch on skin surface
Which of the following sensory receptors monitor the position of joints, tension in tendons and ligaments, and the state of muscular contraction?
proprioceptors
If a sensation arrives at the wrong part of the sensory cortex, you will
reach an improper conclusion about the source of the stimulus
Free nerve endings can be stimulated by many different stimuli because they exhibit little
receptor specificity
Which of the following receptors are stimulated when a stiff breeze blows across the skin of your arm and moves some of the hairs?
root hair plexuses
Specialized cells that monitor specific conditions in the body or the external environment are called __________.
sensory receptors
The motor neurons and pathways that control skeletal muscles form the
somatic nervous system
The primary sensory cortex of the cerebral hemispheres or areas of the cerebellar hemispheres receive:
somatic sensory information
The simplest reflexes are mediated at the level of the __________. -cerebrum -spinal cord -cerebellum -mesencephalon
spinal cord
When someone touches a hot stove, the rapid, automatic, preprogrammed response that preserves homeostasis is provided by the
spinal reflex
Which pathway is responsible for proprioception?
spinocerebellar pathway
Which pathway is responsible for the sensations of crude touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?
spinothalamic pathway
General senses
temperature, pain, touch, pressure vibration, proprioception
Your ability to localize sensations depends on __________. -the projection of sensation to the primary sensory cortex -the projection of sensation at the thalamus -the projection of sensation at the fasciculus -all of the listed responses
the projection of sensation to the primary sensory cortex
The area monitored by a single receptor is called __________. -the receptive field -transduction -receptor potential -generator potential
the receptive field
If the central cortex were damaged or the projection fibers cut, a person would be able to detect light touch but would be unable to determine
the source of the stimulus
Which type of sensory receptor detects temperature changes?
thermoceptors
How many major motor pathways are there? -one -two -three -four
three
Sensory information requires __________ neuron(s) to reach the thalamus. -one -two -three -four
three
There are __________ major sensory pathways. -one -two -three -four
three
What type of receptor is always active?
tonic receptor
Tactile receptors provide sensations of
touch, pressure and vibration
Somatic motor pathways always involve a(n)
upper and lower motor neuron
Thermoreceptors are phasic receptors because they are
very active when the temperature is changing
The motor tracts in the spinal cord controlling subconscious regulation of balance and muscle tone are the
vestibulospinal tracts
Which of the following is NOT a general sense?
vision