Chapter 15 Psychology

What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

To provide clear diagnostic categories of mental disorders.

Angelique has not left her house for two years. She is completely terrified of going out. Based on this description, she is probably suffering from:

agoraphobia

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

agoraphobia

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

anxiety

Among the nearly one-half of adult Americans who develop diagnosable psychological disorders at some point in their lives, which of the following types of disorder is most prevalent?

Anxiety disorders

Kyle use to love practicing his tuba, but lately he hasn't felt like playing. To make matters worse, he has lost his appetite and life seems hopeless. Which disorder would Kyle be most likely to have?

major depressive disorder

Thoughts about death, loss of appetite or overeating, insomnia or fatigue, and hopelessness are all symptoms of:

major depressive disorder.

are characterized by persistent, extremely rigid, maladaptive patterns of behavior that interfere with normal social interactions.

personality disorder

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

Which of the following mental disorders is considered to be highly heritable?

schizophrenia

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

In explaining the development of schizophrenia, the diathesis-stress model emphasizes:

the interaction of genetic predispositions and stress.

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

_____ is/are categorized by feelings of euphoria, creativity, and invincibility

Mania

_____ are recurring thoughts of danger that create anxiety; _____ are ritualistic behaviors or mental acts that aim to reduce anxiety.

Obsessions; compulsions

Diana has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following best describes the major symptoms of her disorder?

Tendency toward mood swings and stormy relationships with others

Eleanor is a quiet 41-year-old housewife. Occasionally, she seems to "become" a 14-year-old male juvenile delinquent. Other times she "becomes" a 52-year-old, foul-mouthed alcoholic. Eleanor is most likely to be diagnosed with:

dissociative identity disorder.

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

Lolly believes that the C.I.A. and other government agencies are trying to kill her. This is an example of a:

delusion.

Nikita experiences periods of extreme sadness that alternate with periods of euphoric or elevated mood. Based on this description, Nikita is most likely to be experiencing:

bipolar disorder.

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

Mr. Monk is constantly worried that if he doesn't wash his hands at least 50 times a day he will develop a rare and deadly disease. Mr. Monk's habitual hand-washing is:

compulsion