Chapter 15 Quiz

An individual who is high in ________ is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means. Question options: A) self-esteem B) self-monitoring C) Machiavellianism D) risk taking

Machiavellianism

Operant conditioning argues that ________. Question options: A) behavior is learned through observation B) all behavior has unintended consequences C) behavior is a function of its consequences D) behavior patterns are established in childhood

behavior is a function of its consequences

Mary dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are inferior to others in the market. However, she has sales targets for all products, superior or otherwise, that she must meet in order to receive her commission. Although Mary tries to meet the target sales for all products, she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take. This inconsistency or incompatibility is known as ________. Question options: A) negative feedback B) difficult objectives C) management by objectives D) cognitive dissonance

cognitive dissonance

Darren enjoys many genres of music and art. He has visited several European countries. It is very likely Darren is high in ________. Question options: A) openness to experience B) conscientiousness C) agreeableness D) emotional stability

openness to experience

Brianne has been coming in late and producing less recently, obviously dissatisfied with her job. Her supervisor would like to know how to deal with these behaviors so they don't spread to other employees. His wisest course of action would be to ________. Question options: A) discipline her for being late B) discover the source of her dissatisfaction C) ignore them and hope the situation resolves itself D) send her to HR for employee counseling

discover the source of her dissatisfaction

Eliminating any reinforcement that's maintaining an undesirable behavior is called ________. Question options: A) punishment B) extinction C) extraction D) elimination

extinction

The Big Five Model of personality includes ________. Question options: A) intuition B) perception C) judgment D) extraversion

extraversion

People in the accounting department generally arrive 15 minutes early. So does Valerie, who is late today. This situation shows ________. Question options: A) low consensus B) low consistency C) high consensus D) high consistency

high consensus

________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior. Question options: A) Stereotype B) Perception C) Attribution D) Behavior

Attribution

________ behavior is voluntary or learned behavior. Question options: A) Dissonant B) Reactive C) Reflexive D) Operant

Operant

What is a key point of Holland's theory? Question options: A) Employee turnover is highest when personality and occupation are compatible. B) There are no intrinsic differences in personality among individuals. C) All jobs are relatively the same, it is personality types that differ. D) People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied.

People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied.

________ is a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior according to external situational factors. A) Self-monitoring B) Self-management C) Self-esteem D) Self-awareness

Self-monitoring

Andrew has been tracking how many positions he has to fill, and how many times he fills the same position. He is concerned that so many people are leaving his organization. Andrew is concerned about ________. A)employee attitudes B)productivity C)Turnover D)absenteeism

Turnover

"He could do it if he wanted to. He just doesn't like that part of his job, that's all." A statement like this from a supervisor indicates ________. Question options: A) the horn effect B) a halo effect C) locus of control error D) a fundamental attribution error

a fundamental attribution error

The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions. Question options: A) spiritual B) behavioral C) affective D) cognitive

affective

In the Big Five Model of personality, ________ refers to the degree to which someone is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting. Question options: A) conscientiousness B) agreeableness C) emotional stability D) extraversion

agreeableness

James, a new manager, is a very hard-working. He believes that people who are hardworking will always make sure that the work gets done on time. Even when he is out of the office, he supposes that his subordinates are working diligently because he works diligently most of the time. James's perceptions of his employees are based on ________. A) halo effect B) selective perception C) stereotyping D) assumed similarity

assumed similarity

Individual behavior in organizations includes ________. Question options: A) structure, culture, and team building B) policies and procedures C) attitudes, learning, and motivation D) strategies, norms, and roles

attitudes, learning, and motivation

It is very difficult to ruffle Doreen's feathers. She has been called a rock, steadfast, slow to anger, calm in the middle of the storm. Doreen is high in ________. Question options: A) sensing B) emotional stability C) thinking D) conscientiousness

emotional stability

Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others is known as the ________. A)halo effect B)locus of control error C)fundamental attribution error D)self-serving bias

fundamental attribution error

A person who can adapt and adjust behavior to external factors has ________. Question options: A) an internal locus of control B) high risk-taking ability C) high self-monitoring D) low self-esteem

high self-monitoring

Sarah, the floor supervisor, seems to be a different person depending on whom she is with and what the situation demands. She has the ability to adjust her behavior as and when required. This indicates that she ________. Question options: A) is low on Machiavellianism B) is high in self-monitoring C) has low self-esteem D) has a high need for affiliation

is high in self-monitoring

Which one of the following is true for satisfied employees with high organizational commitment? Question options: A) lower levels of job involvement B) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism C) higher rates of cognitive dissonance D) higher rates of voluntary turnover

lower rates of turnover and absenteeism

"Any additional violations of company policy will result in escalating disciplinary action up to and including termination." This statement found on many corrective action forms, is an example of ________. Question options: A) punishment B) positive reinforcement C) extinction D) negative reinforcement

negative reinforcement

According to the Big Five Model of personality, a person who has a wide range of interests and is imaginative, fascinated with novelty, artistically sensitive, and intellectual is described as ________. Question options: A) emotionally stable B) open to experience C) extraverted D) conscientious

open to experience

When coworkers need help, they ask Edwina. She seems to know more about the job than everyone. She graduated with high honors from college and continues to learn all she can about a variety of interests. Edwina would score high in ________. Question options: A) thinking B) conscientiousness C) perception D) openness to experience

openness to experience

If your boss could be described as flexible, adaptable, and tolerant, he or she would probably score high on which one of the following aspects of the MBTI®? Question options: A) feeling B) perceiving C) extraversion D) sensing

perceiving

When a manager molds an individual's behavior by guiding his or her learning in graduated steps, he is using ________. Question options: A) programmed learning B) motor reproduction processes C) shaping processes D) retention processes

shaping processes

By using ________, we form a general impression about a person based on only a single characteristic, such as intelligence or appearance. Question options: A) stereotyping B) the halo effect C) selectivity D) assumed similarity

the halo effect

During the interview Ken was so impressed with Barbie's knowledge of aesthetic engineering he offered her the job on the spot. Unfortunately her job performance did not meet his expectations. Ken may have fallen victim to ________. Question options: A) stereotyping B) the halo effect C) selective perception D) assumed similarity

the halo effect