Chapter 15 Review

New Deal

(1) FDR's programs that sought relief & recovery (first one) and later reform (second one) during the Depression; (2) FDR had no specific plan, but he used many trial-and-error methods to increase faith in the economy, avoid radicalism/riots, and apply Keynesian principles (of using government spending to jumpstart the private sector). No large taxes and brought people back to work to decrease unemployment. To build roads, buildings, dams, canals, freeways, parks, ect.

What happened to Sudetenland?

Germany annexed

What did Germany do to the Rhineland?

It remilitarized Rhineland

What are some similarities between most fascists?

Nations must struggle and peaceful nations will be conquered. They believe in extreme nationalism and have an authoritarian leader. They had uniforms, mass rallies and special salutes.

What country did Germany conquer 1939?

Poland

What was the role of the League of Nations?

To try to police the countries

F. Scott Fitzgerald

(1896-1940) American writer famous for his novels and stories, such as The Great Gatsby, capturing the mood of the 1920s. He gave the decade the nickname the "Jazz Age."

lebensraum

(German for "habitat" or literally "living space") served as a major motivation for Nazi Germany's territorial aggression. In his book Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler detailed his belief that the German people needed Lebensraum (for a Grossdeutschland, land, and raw materials), and that it should be taken in the East. It was the stated policy of the Nazis to kill, deport, Germanize or enslave the Polish, and later also Russian and other Slavic populations, and to repopulate the land with reinrassig Germanic peoples. The entire urban population was to be exterminated by starvation, thus creating an agricultural surplus to feed Germany and allowing their replacement by a German upper class.

How did Mussolini get a position of power?

1922, 30,000 fascists marched to Rome and forced King Victor Emmanuel III to place Mussolini in charge and he agreed. After another uprising Mussolini legally took power.

Munich Conference

1938-Meeting between British,French,and German leaders in which Germany was given control of the Sudetenland in exchange for German leader Hitler's promise to make no more claimes on European territory. Neville Chamberlein was happy, but Churchill was not and said that Hitler would not follow his word, and he was right.

How did France deal with the Depression? WHat was their government name called?

5 coalition governments formed and fell and in 1936 there was a moderate/socialist/communist coalition known as the Popular front caused high emplyment and France stayed democratic throughout

Albert Einstein

A German physicist who theorized that the speed of light is constant, while the speed of space and time are not according to his theory of relativity.

What was the U.S. and other nations experiencing during the 1920's?

A happy rich period of time for the USA and lack of money for others.

What was Spain like before the fascists?

A liberal socialist democracy

fascism

A militant political movement that emphasizes loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader.

surrealism

A movement in art emphasizing the expression of the imagination as realized in dreams and presented without conscious control. Based on Freud's irrationality.

How did Britain deal with the Depression?

A multiparty coalition known as the National Government that passed protective tariffs, increased taxes, regulated currency, lowered interest rates ad raised employment

radio

A new device that broadcasted sound and information all over the country and into people's private homes.

film

A new novelty that entertained the miserable people for a few pennies.

existentialism

A philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.

isolationism

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Benito Mussolini

A politician and newspaper editor that founded Italy's fascist party.

coalition government

A temporary alliance of several parties when no single party one a majority. But since they disagreed on so much, coalition seldom worked and were around long.

communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

Axis Powers

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

How did the American Depression effect the Global economy?

American bankers took the money from their loans back, tariffs arose hurting other countries who exported there, dropping world trade by 65%

How did Germany try to recover from inflation?

An international committee with American banker Charles Dawes at the head made the Dawes Plan which gave Germany a $200 million loan from America. It set a better time amount for the payment of reparation and Germany went back to the production in factories it had had before the war.

What was the thing Hitler absorbed Austria and Czechoslovakia called and how did it offend the treaty of Versailles?

Anschluss was banned and even though the Third Reich was formed, France and Britain did nothing

Juan Perón

Argentina's leader who, like Vargas, nationalized key industries and led through a combination of charisma and intimidation.

Why was Hitler given a place as a chancellor?

Because he was the leader of the Nazis (biggest political party) and President Paul von Hindenburg thought he could control the masses through Hitler.

Allied Power

France, Britain, USSR, United States, and China as well as 45 other countries that opposed the Axis powers in World War II

What made it hard for democratic countries to develop strong leadership and go towards long term goals? What did this lead to?

Frequent changes and fallen coalition governments made the people willing to sacrifice democratic government for strong authoritarian leadership.

What happened when military leaders in Spain wanted a Fascist-Style government? Did they get it?

General Francisco with the help of Hitler and Mussolini aided the nationalists while the Soviets aided the republicans. Franco became the first fascist dictator

What was the Weimar Republic?

Germany's 1919 democratic government named for the city where the national assembly met.

appeasement

Giving something to the aggressor to keep peace

Once Hitler became chancellor, how did he gain full power? What did he do then?

He called for new elections and ruined the next biggest party's (communist's chances) by setting the Reichstag building on fire and blaming them. Banned political parties, took control of the economy, put Germans to work building factories/highways/weapons/doing military service. Got enforcers (Gestapo & SS).

How did Hitler get into fascism? What happened?

He joined a right-wing political group that was later known as the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi for short) who wanted to overturn the treaty of Versailles. He soon became the de Führer or leader.

What did Mussolini do when he took power?

He made single-party rule, got a secret police, got heavy censorship (only published fascist favoring things), outlawed strikes, took control of economy by allying fascists with large land owners and industrialists.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

He made the new deal, President who broke the two-term tradition, which led to the passage of the 22nd Amendment Constitutionally limiting President's to two terms.

So what was Hitler doing during WWI?

He was a small political leader who joined the German army and won the Iron Cross medal for bravery

How did Mussolini's fascists gain favor?

His party gained support when he had black-shirts publicly attack the socialists and communists to gain support from richer classes. He also publicly criticized the government.

How did Hitler get in jail and what did he do there?

His uprising to seize Munich in 1923 failed. He was sentenced 5 years and did 9 months. During that time he wrote "Mein Kampf"

mein kamf

Hitler's book written while in prison. He said that Germans (who he called Aryans wrongly) were the master race and that Jews, Gypsies and Slavs were inferior. He denounced the Versailles treaty and said Germanu needed more lebensraum (living space) and said he would get it by taking Eastern Europe and Russia.

After Mussolini took official control, what was his title?

Il Duce

They were all taken over by Nazi Germany.

In what key way are all of the shaded countries and regions related?

What idea was becoming popular in the united states and how was it shown in law?

Isolationism beliefs were shown in the neutrality acts.

What happened to the rest of Czechoslovakia?

It was annexed to Germnay in 1939

What countries carried out acts of aggression during the 1930's and what were their goals?

Italy, Germany and Japan wanted more land and power

Are fascism and communism the same?

No, fascism has no clearly identified theory or program. They also aren't seeking a class-less society. Fascists are nationalists while communists are internationalists trying to unite workers world-wide.

Francisco Franco

Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death

Charles Lindbergh

The American pilot who gained celebrity status after a 33-hour solo flight from New York to Paris

What was the The Kellogg-Briand?

The Kellogg-Briand peace pact where Frank Kellogg (U.S. Secretary of State) spoke made an agreement with France's Briand made an agreement to renounce war as an instrument of national policy. Even the Soviet Union signed it, but since the USA wouldn't join the League of Nations and they had no army, it was useless.

third reich

The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 1945

nazism

The doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, anti-Communism, and the all-powerful role of the State. The National Socialist German Workers Party, otherwise known as the Nazi Party. Nazism was advocated by Adolf Hitler in Germany.

Why was the U.S. economy described as flawed?

The rich 5% got 33% of personal income so most families were too poor to buy goods and too poor to sell goods, so there were less jobs, American farmers faced competition from other farmers which drove down prices and profits which made them unable to pay off bank loans

What crisis occurred in October 1929 that created a global depression?

The stock market crash. Well Wall Street was the center of it all, everyone thought stocks were magical and bought them up like a 5 year old picks candy. But unlike the five-year-old they didn't pay attention to flavor or quality and invested in unhealthy companies. Stock prices soared and people became glutinous in their buying habits, but the worth didn't, even though predictions made said things and companies could only get better. Soon many people realized this was stupid and sold off their stock and prices dropped, so profits dropped and the Depression came along.

How id the Scandinavian Socialist deal with the Depression?

They built recovery programs on cooperative community action where the government sponsored huge public work projects. They raised pensions, unemployment insurance, subsidies for housing and welfare. Taxes were raised

What did Britain and France do with their taxes during their war that Germany did not? How did they solve this problem caused by not doing this and what was the result?

They had heavy wartime taxes while Germany just printed more money which caused inflation when they had to pay debts which caused a recession.

What are some similarities between fascism and communism?

They have dictators, one-party rule, they deny individual rights, don't practice democracy and the state is supreme.

How did Briand & Stresemann try to improvise relations between their countries?

They met in Lorcarno, Switzerland, with officials from Belgium/Italy/Britain. They made a promise that France and Germany would never go to war with each other and respect the boundaries of France and Britain. Germany then got into the league of nations.

Why did the Western nations adopt appeasement as a policy toward fascist aggression?

They thought it would satisfy Germany, but as Hitler later said (paraphrased) "If France and Britain had challenged me, we would have back down"

Why did fascism seem like a good choice for Italy?

They were disappointed by their lack of land gain, money was inflated, unemployment was high and the democratic government seemed useless.

Guernica

a Spanish town that was brutally bombed and was full of innocent civilians it was supposed to encourage fear, Picasso painted a famous painting capturing Guernica

What did France and Britain do to try to avoid the cost of war?

made concessions