chapter 15 senses; BIO 135: Basic Anatomy/Physiology w/Lab (4226_25ZA); unit 4 test review

Select all examples of stimuli that would be detected by interoceptors.

Blood pH Blood pressure Body temperature

Select the three layers of the human eye.

Choroid Sclera Retina

Select all structures that are components of the human inner ear.

Cochlea Semicircular canals Vestibule

Select all components of the retina.

Fovea centralis Rods and cones

Select the choices that are factors by which different pitches are detected.

How far into the spiral organ the frequency travels Which areas of the auditory cortex are stimulated

Select all structures that are components of the human outer ear.

Modified sweat glands Pinna Auditory canal

Select all functions of rod cells in the eye.

Night vision Detection of motion Peripheral vision

Which of the following are some of the primary types of taste receptors in humans?

Salty Umami Sweet

Select all specific examples of chemoreceptors.`

Taste cells Olfactory cells

Which statement is true when the eye is viewing a close object?

The lens is rounded and thick.

The ability of the eye to focus at close distances by becoming more rounded as the ciliary muscles contract is called visual

accommodation

When you no longer detect an odor after lengthy exposure, this is called sensory

adaptation

The fluid in the Blank______ compartment of the eye is the aqueous humor while the fluid in the Blank______ chamber is the vitreous humor.

anterior; posterior

In the human eye, the Blank______ humor is watery in consistency, the Blank______ humor is gelatinous.

aqueous; vitreous

The visual condition that may result from an unevenly shaped cornea is called

atigmatism

The structure that allows for the equalization of pressure between the air in the middle ear and the air outside of the body is the Blank______.

auditory tube

The primary tastes are umami, sweet, sour, salty and

bitter

The area of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the retina, and which therefore contains no photoreceptors is the Blank______.

blind spot

Receptors that respond to chemicals are known as Blank______.

chemoreceptors

Sensory receptors that are plasma membrane receptors that bind to particular molecules are most likely Blank______.

chemoreceptors

The middle layer of the eye with a dark pigment to absorb stray light is the Blank______.

choroid

The shape of the lens changes for near or far vision due to the action of the ___ body

ciliary

The structure of the eye responsible for changing the shape of the lens is the Blank______.

ciliary body

The nerve that carries impulses from the inner ear to the auditory cortex is called the ____ nerve

cochlear

The type of photoreceptor that is more concentrated in the center of the retina, allows for color vision and responds to bright light is called a ___ cell

cone

The photoreceptors that allow fine detail and color of an object are the Blank______.

cones

The transparent portion of the outer eye that allows light to enter the eye is the Blank______.

cornea

Select all eye structures that can be abnormally shaped in a person with astigmatism.

cornea or lens

The three types of receptors responsible for somatic senses are

cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors, and pain receptors.

The limbic system associates odors with Blank______.

emotions

Temperature receptors are free nerve endings that extend into the ____ layer of the skin.

epidermal

Another term for the auditory tubes is the Blank______.

eustachian tubes

Photoreceptors are those found in the Blank______.

eye`

Focusing of light rays behind the retina results in Blank______.

farsightedness

The region of the retina where the cone cells are most densely packed and images are sharpest is called the

fovea centralis

An abnormally high buildup of aqueous humor in the eye is calle

glaucoma

Taking off in an airplane would stimulate ___ equilibrium

graviatational

The sensory receptor cells for the senses of hearing and balance are called Blank______.

hair cells

Stereocilia are long, stiff, microvilli that are present on the hair cells of the Blank______.

inner ear

Sensory signals are summed up by receptors by a process called Blank______.

integration

The summing up of signals by a sensory receptor is called

integration

Stimuli from within the body are detected by receptors collectively called

interoceptors

The part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil is the Blank______.

iris

When someone refers to blue eyes, they are specifically referring to the color of the

iris

The ciliary muscle of the eye changes the shape of the

lens

The eye structure that changes shape in order to focus an image on the retina is the

lens

What structure divides the eye into anterior and posterior compartments?

lens

Which structure of the eye has a decreased ability to function with age?

lens

Smells are associated with emotions due to the link between the sense of smell and the Blank______.

limbic system

The eyes of a nearsighted person are Blank______ than normal; therefore light rays tend to focus Blank______ the retina.

longer; in front of

Mechanoreceptors respond to Blank______.

mechanical forces

The receptors that detect stretch of tendons and movements of ligaments are a type of Blank______ called proprioceptors.

mechanoreceptor

Where are the receptor proteins for taste molecules located on the taste cells?

microvilli

The olfactory cells are located in the Blank______.

nasal cavity

Focusing of light rays in front of the retina results in Blank______.

nearsightedness

A sensory receptor is often a modified version of what type of cell?

neuron

The 10 to 20 million olfactory cells located in the roof of the human nasal cavity are actually modified Blank______.

neurons

The sensory receptors that detect pain are called Blank______.

nociceptors

The sensory receptors for the sense of smell are called ___ cells

olfactory

Which of the following is a modified neuron that functions as a chemoreceptor?

olfactory cell

Individuals with color blindness are missing Blank______.

one or more types of cones

The nerve that carries signals from the retina to the visual cortex of the cerebrum is the ___ nerve

optic

The nerve that forms from sensory fibers of the retina of each eye is the Blank______ nerve.

optic

The blind spot is the area of the eye where the ____ exits the retina.

optic nerve

Sound waves first travel down the auditory canal, then to the tympanic membrane, then to the Blank______.

ossicles

The structures of the ear that transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window are the Blank______.

ossicles

Sensory receptors called nociceptors are responsive to Blank______.

pain

The type of sensation that results from nerve signals carried by sensory nerves is determined by the Blank______.

part of the brain that receives sensory impulses

The external flap of the human outer ear is called the

pinna

Each taste bud opens through a taste ____ through which microvilli project.

pore

A normal sign of aging lenses of the eyes is a steady decrease in the ability of the lens to accommodate for close-up vision. This condition is called Blank______.

presbyopia

The mechanoreceptors that detect the stretch of tendons and relaxation of muscles are known as Blank______.

proprioceptors

The opening in the front of the human eye through which light passes is called the Blank______.

pupil

A modified neuron that detects a specific type of stimulus is a sensory

receptor

Stimulation of pain receptors in an internal organ that is also felt in another area of the body is called ___ pain

referred

When a person is having a heart attack, the pain originating in the heart muscle is often felt in the left shoulder and arm. This is called Blank______.

referred pain

The layer of the human eye that contains the rods and cones is called the

retina

The light-absorbing pigment found in rods is Blank______.

rhodopsin

The protein opsin and the molecule retinal combine to form the pigment found in rods called

rhodopsin

The photoreceptors that are very sensitive to light and are therefore well adapted to night vision are called

rods

Mechanoreceptors in the semicircular canals detect angular movement of the head or ___ equilibrium

rotational

Moving the body in a circle affects Blank______ equilibrium

rotational

The structure that detects movement of the head in an up and down motion is the Blank______.

saccule

The outermost layer of the human eye is the Blank______.

sclera

By age 55, most people have some degree of presbyopia, which is a steady decrease in the ability to Blank____

see objects that are close

The three half-circle-shaped canals in the inner ear that function in the maintenance of rotational equilibrium are called ___ canals

semicircular

The perception of a stimulus by the cerebral cortex is known as Blank______.

sensation

When the cerebral cortex receives sensory information and consciously perceives it, this is called

sensation

The eyes of a farsighted person are Blank______ than normal; therefore light rays tend to focus Blank______ the retina.

shorter;behind

The chemoreceptors located on the tongue for the detection of taste are found in structures called Blank______.

taste buds

Red-green color blindness is much more common in males because Blank_____

the abnormal gene is on the X chromosome

Visual accommodation occurs when Blank______.

the lens changes shape for close vision

Glasses are often needed after age 40 because Blank______.

the lens is less elastic

The ossicles of the middle ear comprise three small bones:

the malleus,incus,and stapes.

Nerve impulses related to hearing are generated specifically when Blank______.

the stereocilia embedded in the tectorial membrane bend

Receptors that detect warmth or cold are called

thermoreceptors

Which type of cutaneous receptors are simple free nerve endings?

thermoreceptors

From the eye, the optic nerves enter and exit the optic chiasma, and continue as the optic

tract

True or false: If sensory impulses from touching the skin were transmitted to the auditory cortex of the cerebrum they would be experienced as sound.

true

The structure that allows for the equalization of pressure between the air in the middle ear and the air outside of the body is the auditory

tube