chapter 15 specimen collection and diagnostic testing

Body fluids are distributed between (2) compartments:

-Extracellular -Intracellular

Name the two major organs that are responsible for regulation of acid base balance:

-Lungs -Kidney

Fluid can move between compartments by a variety of methods to maintain homeostasis. LIST THEM:

-Osmosis -Diffusion -Active transport -Filtration

When labeling a specimen, what should be included on the label?

-Patients name -Patients ID number -Age -Sex -Health care providers name -Date/Time collected -Collectors name or initials -Blood test ordered

Name the 4 types of Acid Base Imbalance

-Respiratory Acidosis -Respiratory Alkalosis -Metabolic Acidosis -Metabolic Alkalosis

List positively charged ion (Cation) electrolytes:

-Sodium -Potassium -Calcium -Magnesium

Actual image or results of a test....

-ogram

Procedure in which body structure are visualized....

-oscopy

When performing a venipuncture, the tourniquet should be left on no more than ______ to _______ minutes.

1 to 2

List negatively charged ion (Anion) electrolytes:

-Chloride -Bicarbonate -Sulfate -Hydrogen Phosphate

Procedure involving puncture of a body cavity......

-centisis

When should you collect the last urine?

24 hours later; 10 minutes before the test completely ends

This the study of cells

Cytology

When initiating a 24 hour urine collection, the nurse asks the patients to void. The nurse then _____________ the 1st specimen.

Discards

When preparing the patient for an Electroencephalogram (EEG), the nurse should encourage the intake of:

Food

This test serves to determine bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Gastroccult

What stool test requires that it be immediately sent to the lab?

Parasite and Ova

Urine left in the bladder after voiding is called:

Residual urine

When preparing a patient for a diagnostic examination, part of the nurse's role is to obtain a signed informed consent before the procedure. This is required for all:

invasive procedures

To lessen a patient's embarrassment when asked to provide a sample of body excretions, the nurse may provide the patient with proper instructions and allow the patient to:

obtain his/her own specimen

When preparing the patient for a bronchoscopy, the nurse should:

reassure the patient that he or she will be able to breathe during the procedure.

Preparing for an examination

1. check order 2. informed consent 3. assemble equipment 4. introduce/ID patient 5. explain procedure 6. transport pt to exam room 7. provide privacy 8. wash hands 9. assist with procedure 10. answer question 11. label specimen 12. document 13. pt teaching

The patient is to be catheterized for residual urine. The nurse must perform this catheterization within how many minutes following voiding?

10 minutes

For a 24 hour urine specimen, when should you collect the first urine?

10 minutes before the test actually begins

The nurse should administer Telepaque in preparation for a cholecystography one tablet at a time every:

15 minutes

When collecting a stool specimen for a guaiac (occult blood in stool), the nurse should take a specimen from ______ different parts of the stool.

2

Following an intravenous pyelogram, the nurse should watch the patient closely for a delayed reaction to the dye, usually occurring within ______ to _______ hours following the procedure.

2 to 6

The procedure for collecting a sterile urine specimen via catheter port includes clamping the Foley catheter tubing below the catheter port for:

30 minutes

What is AFB?

Acid Fast Bacillus (cause of TB organism)

This organism requires oxygen..........

Aerobic

To collect an _______________ specimen, insert a sterile swab into the wound secretions.

Aerobic

When preparing the patient for an exercise tolerance test (treadmill), the nurse should:

Allow the patient to drink water before the test

This organism can survive and grow in environment that have NO oxygen........

Anaerobic

To collect an __________________ specimen deep in the body cavity, use a sterile tip syringe to aspirate visible drainage from inner wound.

Anaerobic

When preparing the patient for an abdominal scan, the nurse should:

Assess patient for allergies to dye or shellfish

Because a sputum specimen must come from deep in the bronchial tree, the nurse will attempt to collect the specimen:

In the early morning

The nurse has an order to perform occult blood testing on a patient's emesis. The nurse recognizes that the test is positive for occult blood when the sample turns:

Blue

This test requires that the gag reflex must return prior to allowing the patient to have food or drink ___________________.

Bronchoscopy

A small sample of something intended to show the nature of the whole, is a _________________.

Specimen

Secretion from the lungs is called?

Sputum

This test requires bowel preparation for 1-2 days prior to procedure patient must drink GOLYTELY:

Colonoscopy

A laboratory test involving cultivation of microorganisms or cells ______________.

Culture

This test IDs abnormalities that interfere with electrical conduction:

Electrocardiogram

When preparing the patient for a bone scan, the nurse should:

Encourage water intake

When preparing the patient for a glucose tolerance test (GTT), the nurse should:

Encourage water intake before the test

To protect a patient from aspiration following a bronchoscopy, the nurse should keep the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) for 2 hours until the:

Gag reflex has returned

explaining the procedure,, how it will be performed, and its potential benefits and risks is primarily the _______________ responsibility.

Health Care Provider's

This test instructs that the patient does not eat red meat at least 3 days prior to the test:

Hemoccult

Another name for Acid Base Balance:

Homeostasis

How is the urine stored and preserved?

In a container over ice with preservatives

When preparing the patient for a brain scan, the nurse should:

Inform the patient that a clicking noise will be heard during the scan.

Before giving permission for any procedure, a patient must have full knowledge about what will be done during the procedure along with its risks and complications. This is called?

Informed consent

One of the most important rights is ___________________ ___________________, which requires that a patient fully understands what will be done during a test or surgery.

Informed consent

The nurse explains that the electrocardiograms are graphic representations of the electrical impulses generated by the heart and can identify abnormalities that:

Interfere with electrical conduction

Before administration of contrast media, the nurse should assess if the patient:

Is allergic to iodine

If there is bright red blood in the stool, the nurse recognizes that the probable source of the blood is the:

Lower GI tract (closer to the rectum; bright red means fresh)

Anaerobic organisms tend to grow within body cavities. To collect an anaerobic specimen, the nurse uses a sterile:

Syringe tip

This is urine collected after voiding is initiated:

Mid-stream urine sample

The cleanest part of a voided urine specimen is collected after voiding is initiated and before it is finished. This is called a:

Midstream specimen

When preparing the patient for an amniocentesis, the nurse should:

Monitor fetal heart tones

The responsibility for notifying the physician when lab and diagnostic studies deviate from the norm belongs to the:

Nurse

reinforcement of the health care provider's explanation is a role of the ___________.

Nurse

This term means hidden blood:

Occult

When the nurse is collecting a specimen for a wound culture, the specimen should never be collected from:

Old drainage

Following a liver biopsy, the nurse should observe for hemorrhage and ensure that the patient is kept on bed rest for 24 hours. For the first 1 to 2 hours, the nurse should keep the patient:

On his/her right side

A stool specimen that must be sent to the lab immediately is a specimen for?

Ova and Parasites

When obtaining a throat culture, the nurse must use a cotton-tipped applicator to swab the...?

Pharynx

What is POCT?

Point Of Care Testing

The patient has undergone a lumbar puncture. The nurse places the patient in which position for up to 12 hours to avoid discomfort from post puncture spinal headache?

Prone

A laboratory method of determining the effectiveness of antibiotics _____________________.

Sensitivity

The process for collecting a blood specimen for measuring blood glucose levels begins by asking the patient to hold the selected arm at his or her side for 30 seconds and taking the specimen from the...?

Side of the finger

The most abundant electrolyte in the body is ______________, it is also the major extracellular electrolyte.

Sodium

The nurse assesses a patient's knowledge of an ordered procedure to determine:

Teaching required

A patient has just had a liver biopsy. Immediately following this procedure, the nurse should:

Tell patient to avoid coughing

Because some patients are unable to obtain a sputum specimen by coughing and expectorating, the nurse may collect the specimen by:

Tracheal suctioning

When is a throat culture ordered?

Upper sinus infection

When preparing the patient for an arteriography, the nurse should:

Verify if the patient has been taking anticoagulants (blood thinners)

After a bone scan, the nurse assesses a hematoma at the injection site of the dye. The nurse should apply ___________ soaks or compress.

Warm

The nurse should explain to the patient that following a barium enema the color of the stools will be?

White

The nurse can assist with reducing anxiety when preparing a patient for a diagnostic examination by:

answering questions for clarification