Chapter 15: The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Choose all the statements that accurately describe muscarinic receptors.

-All cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cells have muscarinic receptors. -ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an inhibitory effect on some cells. -ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an excitatory effect on some cells.

Choose all of the following that are sympathetic effects on the integumentary system.

-Secretion from merocrine sweat glands -Secretion from apocrine sweat glands

Which neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division?

AcH

Which portion of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a trace of dopamine?

Adrenal medulla

Choose all that are components of a visceral reflex arc.

Afferent neurons Receptor in the stomach Efferent neurons Smooth muscle

Choose all that are the characteristics of a visceral reflex.

Automatic Stereotyped Unconscious

Which nervous system has two nerve fibers connecting the CNS to an effector?

Autonomic

Choose all the regions of the CNS that the parasympathetic division of the ANS arise from.

Brain Sacral spinal cord

The nervous system that consists entirely of neurons embedded in the wall of the digestive tract and does not originate from the brain or spinal cord is the ___________ nervous system.

Enteric

hoose all the cranial nerves that parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through.

Glossopharyngeal Facial Oculomotor Vagus

Which of the following describes an alpha-adrenergic receptor?

It is usually excitatory and may use a calcium second messenger system.

Choose all that describe a beta-adrenergic receptor.

It uses a cAMP second messenger system. It is usually inhibitory. It inhibits smooth muscle of the bronchioles, enhancing airflow.

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic fibers located in the spinal cord?

Lateral gray horn

Choose all the neurons that secrete acetylcholine.

Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Choose all the hormones that are secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Norepinephrine Epinephrine

Which nerve fibers secrete norepinephrine?

Postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division

Choose all that are the effects of the sympathetic division on the eye

Pupillary dilation Relaxation of the ciliary muscle and lens for far vision

Which nervous system transmits only excitatory signals to effector cells?

Somatic nervous system

The division of the ANS that has relatively short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers is which division?

Sympathetic

Which division of the ANS is associated with the "fight-or-flight" response?

Sympathetic

Which division of the ANS is responsible for increasing heart rate, alertness, blood pressure, pulmonary airflow, blood-glucose concentration, and blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles?

Sympathetic division

From where do all preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise?

Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Choose all the functions of the enteric nervous system.

To regulate motility through the digestive tract To regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes

The neurotransmitter ______ binds to cholinergic receptors.

acetylcholine

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine binds to B______ receptors.

adrenergic

adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory and uses a calcium second messenger system or inhibits cAMP.

alpha

The nervous system that controls the activity of glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle is the _______ nervous system.

autonomic

Which nervous system controls glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle?

autonomic

Choose all the regions of the CNS that the nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system arise from.

brainstem and sacral

Which receptors bind to ACh?

cholinergic

parasympathetic division

concerned with bodily maintenance, and energy conservation as in "resting and digesting".

Regarding the length of fibers, the parasympathetic nervous system has ______ preganglionic fibers and ______ postganglionic fibers.

long, short

The ganglia of the parasympathetic division are located ______.

near or within the target organ

The nerves of the sympathetic nervous system arise from which regions of the spinal cord?

thoracic, lumbar