Chapter 15: The Ever-Changing U.S. Mosaic
Over __________ million immigrant children who speak a language other than English at home presently are enrolled in public schools. A) 9 B) 11 C) 15 D) 8
B) 11
Some scholars argue that __________ makes obsolete the traditional terms of assimilation, integration, or segregation.
transnationalism
Fostering separation instead of a cohesive society is called __________. A) language exclusion B) ethnic tribalism C) selective relations D) nativism
B) ethnic tribalism
__________ refers to any inaccurate comparison based on simplistic categorizations and anachronistic judgments.
Dillingham Flaw
African Americans express __________ through such elements as musical styles, fashion and dress styles, cuisine, etc.
symbolic ethnicity
When specifically asked in a CBS News/ New York Times Poll about the seriousness of the immigration problem, __________. A) 61% viewed it as "very serious" B) 30% saw it as "very serious" C) 50% saw it as "somewhat serious" D) 35% saw it as "somewhat serious"
A) 61% viewed it as "very serious"
Between 1990 and 1999, which ethnic groups had the highest proportion of people becoming citizens? A) Asians B) Europeans C) Latin Americans D) Africans
A) Asians
Public funding for bilingual education began in 1968, when Congress passed the __________. A) Bilingual Education Act B) Equal Opportunity Act C) Educational Accessibility Act D) English Only Act
A) Bilingual Education Act
__________ help(s) to sustain a strong sense of ethnic identity. A) Ethnic neighborhoods B) Ethnic fast food restaurants C) Population numbers similar to the majority group D) Assimilation
A) Ethnic neighborhoods
Census Bureau projections for 2050 include __________. A) Hispanics becoming the largest minority group B) blacks decreasing in their proportion of the population C) Asians remaining at the present percentage D) whites claiming over 90 percent of the population
A) Hispanics becoming the largest minority group
__________ play(s) an important role in segmented assimilation. A) Social capital B) Religion C) Political affiliation D) Hobbies
A) Social capital
In Rumbaut's study, more than 97% of the third-generation immigrants preferred to do what? A) Speak only English only at home B) Speak only their native language at home C) Speak both languages at home D) Learn three or more languages
A) Speak only English only at home
Which group experiences more direct racism? A) Whites married to Blacks B) Asians married to Blacks C) Whites married to non-Blacks D) Asians married to Whites
A) Whites married to Blacks
According to Hansen, the process of assimilation is__________. A) dialectical B) one way C) permanent D) different for every single person
A) dialectical
Studies show that immigrants __________. A) do not take jobs away from American workers B) adversely affect the earnings of other groups C) impose a financial burden on services D) take jobs away from American workers
A) do not take jobs away from American workers
Generally speaking, the number of school children speaking a language other than English in the United States has ___________ in recent decades. A) increased B) decreased C) stayed the same D) fluctuated wildly
A) increased
With increased immigration comes the issue of __________. A) interethnic marriages B) higher divorce rates C) higher birth rates D) mixed identity beliefs
A) interethnic marriages
Opponents of multiculturalism argue that __________. A) it undermines the assimilation ethic B) it creates a common bond of identity C) teaches and maintains a group's own cultural customs D) it adds to the acculturation process
A) it undermines the assimilation ethic
There is great concern that the Census Bureau projections will fall victim to __________. A) the Dillingham Flaw B) the Calculation Error Debate C) Regression toward the Mean D) Standard Deviation
A) the Dillingham Flaw
About how many Americans speak Arabic in their homes? A) 6 million B) 800,000 C) 60,000 D) 6,000
B) 800,000
Which country supplied more immigrants than Canada and Newfoundland between 1820 and 2012? A) Honduras B) Ireland C) Cuba D) Russia
B) Ireland
According to the text, what do Americans need to do in order to gain "greater appreciation and tolerance for one another"? A) Realize that pluralism has never been part of the U.S. experience and threatens society's cohesiveness. B) Recognize that race and ethnicity are simply other people's humanity. C) Realize that diversity is a real problem in the country. D) Have an official and actual separation of church and state because religious teachings fuel intolerance.
B) Recognize that race and ethnicity are simply other people's humanity.
What factors make it easy for recent immigrants to have plural identities, including dual citizenship? A) Cultural baggage B) Technology and global economy C) Social capitol D) Political and social behavior
B) Technology and global economy
The three phases of acculturation in Asian Americans' political activities are the __________ phases. A) alien, revolutionary, and marginal B) alien, reactionary, and acceptance C) newcomer, adult, and old-timer D) baby, adolescent, adult
B) alien, reactionary, and acceptance
The "Alien Phase" is when immigrants __________. A) form political organizations to protect their interests and fight discrimination B) have a political locus that remains with the country of origin C) display a greater degree of structural and cultural assimilation D) are deported
B) have a political locus that remains with the country of origin
One limitation of census projections is that __________. A) the population rarely stays stagnant B) it assumes that conditions worldwide will remain constant C) it does not account for birth rates D) it does not account for medical advances
B) it assumes that conditions worldwide will remain constant
In his ecological model of Chicago's growth and development, Robert Park (1926) noted the linkage between social mobility and __________. A) family commitment B) spatial mobility C) popularity D) religion
B) spatial mobility
The 10.3 million immigrants arriving in the United States between 2000 and 2009 is __________. A) the second highest decade total B) the highest record for a single decade C) a slight decrease from the 1960s D) probably the last decade Europeans will dominate
B) the highest record for a single decade
__________ is teaching subjects in both English and the student's native language to develop fluency in both.
Bilingual education
New multiculturalists advocate "minority nationalism" and __________. A) "collaborative pluralism" B) "freedom of movement" C) "separatist pluralism" D) "total nationalism"
C) "separatist pluralism"
Between 1980 and 2009, the percentage of schoolchildren who speak a language other than English at home increased by __________ percent. A) 2 B) 5 C) 11 D) 14
C) 11
The Department of Homeland Security employs approximately __________ people who work on immigration issues. A) 1,000 B) 8,000 C) 18,000 D) 100,000
C) 18,000
How much did immigrant spending contribute to the North Carolina's economy over the last decade? A) 61 million dollars B) 1.9 billion dollars C) 9.2 billion dollars D) 11 billion dollars
C) 9.2 billion dollars
Official estimates place the number of unauthorized foreign-born people currently living in the United States at __________ million. A) under 6 B) around 9 C) around 11 D) over 15
C) around 11
With regard to interracial dating, __________. A) women are more likely to date interracially B) religious preference is often a factor C) geographic region does not matter D) status chasing is a factor
C) geographic region does not matter
The 1.5 generation refers to __________. A) the second generation perceiving its ethnicity as a disadvantage B) the population growth of immigrants C) immigrants who arrive under the age of ten D) those who have a U.S. born parent and a foreign-born parent
C) immigrants who arrive under the age of ten
The __________ the residence in the U.S. for a group, the __________ the percentage of naturalized citizens. A) shorter; higher B) longer; lower C) longer; higher D) shorter; lower
C) longer; higher
According to recent public-opinion polls, Americans have __________ opinions about immigration. A) strictly positive B) undeniably negative C) mixed D) indifferent
C) mixed
Current migration patterns offer clues about the __________ of future Americans. A) political party domination B) legal implications of citizenship C) religious preferences D) artistic and cultural preferences
C) religious preferences
The three-generation hypothesis suggests that __________. A) it usually takes three generations to complete the assimilation process B) religious intermarriage occurs by the third generation C) the third generation rediscovers its ethnicity D) the great, great grandchildren of immigrants become very interested in the homeland
C) the third generation rediscovers its ethnicity
As of January 2013, how many states have passed English-only legislation? A) 4 B) 9 C) 13 D) 31
D) 31
Which country was among the top 10 sources of newcomers to the United States in 2012? A) Poland B) The United Kingdom C) Canada D) India
D) India
Symbolic ethnicity refers to __________. A) taken-for-granted everyday realities B) strictly ethnic religious practices C) public displays such as marching in ethnic parades D) a sociological theory
D) a sociological theory
True or False) Between 1980 and 2009, the number of school-age children who spoke a language other than English at home decreased from 19 to 9 percent.
False
True or False) New immigrants tend to shed their "cultural baggage" and choose to assimilate in their new home.
False
In its early phase, during the 1970s, __________ meant including material in the school curriculum that related the contributions of non-European peoples to U.S. history.
Multiculturalism
__________ theory suggests a variety of outcomes among, and even within, contemporary immigrant streams.
Segmented assimilation
True or False) Echoing xenophobic fears of earlier generations, immigration opponents worry that U.S. citizens will lose control of the country to foreigners.
True
True or False) Ethnic identity and assimilation are both influenced by educational achievement.
True
True or False) Most Asian and Hispanic Americans are too recently part of U.S. society to apply the three-generation hypothesis.
True
True or False) Native Americans who object to Columbus Day parades and Afrocentrists who assert that Western culture was merely derived from Afro-Egyptian culture are the examples of minority nationalism and separatist pluralism.
True
True or False) Some parts of the U.S. economy are dependent on the labor of undocumented Latino migrants, and about 10 percent of the labor force of Mexico is now working in the United States.
True
True or False) Transnationalism refers to sustained ties of persons, networks, and organizations across national borders.
True
The third generation, more secure in its U.S. identity and socioeconomic status through __________, often becomes interested in the ethnic heritage that the second generation neglected in its efforts to overcome discrimination and marginality.
intergenerational mobility
After five years of continuous legal residence in the United States, immigrants are eligible to become __________, provided they are of good moral character and demonstrate a command of English and knowledge of U.S. history and government.
naturalized citizens
__________ assumes that the second generation perceives its ethnicity as a disadvantage in being accepted in U.S. society.
Hansen's Law
The __________ are arguably the most assimilated of all Asian groups. A) Chinese B) Vietnamese C) Korean D) Japanese
D) Japanese
Today, most undocumented migrants are coming from __________. A) Canada B) Colombia C) Puerto Rico D) Mexico
D) Mexico
Which of the following constitute social capital? A) Taste B) Skills C) Knowledge D) Social network relationships
D) Social network relationships
Ethnicity is __________. A) an ascribed attribute B) found only among those living in ethnic communities C) not found among any racial groups D) a creation of a pluralistic U.S. society
D) a creation of a pluralistic U.S. society
True or False) The industry with the highest percentage of undocumented alien workers is construction.
Chinese
Another dimension to examining both intergenerational assimilation and mobility lies in a fairly new social science concept, the __________, which is a term that refers to immigrants who arrive under the age of ten.
1.5 generation
Which of the following is a goal of the Official English Movement? A) Have all public documents written in English B) Establish multilingual ballots C) Promote expenditures to translate road signs D) Promote translating to assist non-English-speaking patients at public hospitals
A) Have all public documents written in English
__________ are banned in French schools. A) Hijabs B) Shorts C) Earrings D) Small crosses
A) Hijabs
The percentage of Americans in which group is predicted to increase the most by 2050? A) Hispanics B) Native Americans C) Non-Hispanic whites D) Blacks
A) Hispanics
With regard to acculturation processes, __________. A) ethnicity increases in the second generation of Asian and Hispanic Americans B) acculturation functions as a trade-off between traditional Hispanic tendencies and white practices C) children who adopt the "Hispanic" label are the best assimilated D) Japanese are arguably the least assimilated of all Asian Americans
B) acculturation functions as a trade-off between traditional Hispanic tendencies and white practices
Generally speaking, France __________ cultural diversity. A) encourages B) discourages C) is indifferent toward D) has the most
B) discourages
__________ is a function of social capital. A) A minority group's successful integration into the economic and political mainstream B) Cultivation of hope, trust, communication, and mutual assistance C) Problem solving through reliance on the individual D) Making life harder by being in a community
B) Cultivation of hope, trust, communication, and mutual assistance
What factors have changed the perception of race in the 2010 census? A) Status chasing and immigration B) Immigration and higher birth rates C) Low birth rate and immigration D) Immigration and cultural identity
B) Immigration and higher birth rates
