Chapter 16-20 Quiz

A woman who has the mutant BRCA 1 gene has what percentage chance of developing breast cancer? -2% to 6% -10% to 20% -20% to 40% -40% to 80%

40% to 80%

Multiple: Which statement regarding breast carcinoma is correct? A. Occurs more frequently in women whose mother or sisters have had breast carcinoma B. May be detected by mammogram before the tumor can be identified by physical examination C. May occur in males D. More common in young women and infrequent in older women

A. Occurs more frequently in women whose mother or sisters have had breast carcinoma B. May be detected by mammogram before the tumor can be identified by physical examination C. May occur in males

Multiple: Which statements regarding breast carcinoma is correct? A. The use of estrogens or estrogen-progestin hormones by postmenopausal women increases breast carcinoma risk B. It can often be detected by a mammogram before the tumor becomes large enough to be palpated within the breast C. It occurs in only women D. The tumor may arise from epithelium of either ducts or lobules

ALL answers *except* "It occurs in only women"

Multiple: Which statements regarding adjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma is correct? A. Tamoxifen blocks the estrogen receptors on breast carcinoma tumor cells to which estrogen must attach to stimulate the tumor cells. B. Aromatase inhibitor drugs are used to treat postmenopausal women. C. Aromatase inhibitor drugs block the conversion of adrenal androgens (testosterone-like steroids) into estrogens within the affected women's body. D. Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor drugs are effective adjuvant therapy in women with estrogen-receptor-positive tumors and also in women with estrogen-receptor negative tumors.

ALL of them *except* "Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor drugs..."

What substance in the sperm controls the enzymes necessary for penetration of the ovum? -Acrosome -Zona pellucida -Granulosa -Antrum

Acrosome

Polyhydramnios is a condition where the volume of which of the following is markedly increased? -Urine -Blood -Water -Amniotic fluid

Amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios can be caused by congenital maldevelopment of the fetal brain called which of the following? -Encephalopathy -Encephalitis -Hydrocephalus -Anencephaly

Anencephaly

A lump felt in any breast may indicate what?

Any breast disease

Which lymph nodes are located in the armpit?

Axillary

(Multiple): Which statements applies to an ectopic pregnancy? A. It occurs frequently in women using oral contraceptive pills B. It is usually associated with a positive pregnancy test C. A patient who has had a previous ectopic pregnancy in one tube is at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in the opposite tube D. It is usually associated with a missed menstruation period

B. It is usually associated with a positive pregnancy test C. A patient who has had a previous ectopic pregnancy in one tube is at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in the opposite tube D. It is usually associated with a missed menstruation period

(Multiple): Which of the following statements about amniotic fluid is NOT correct? A. The fetus swallows as much as several hundred milliliters of amniotic fluid per day B. The quantity of amniotic fluid remains the same through all stages of pregnancy C. Amniotic fluid is produced by filtration D. Amniotic fluid is produced by excretion

B. The quantity of amniotic fluid remains the same through all stages of pregnancy

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to developing gestational diabetes? -Obesity -Ethnicity -Blood pressure -Age

Blood pressure

What is contained in the chorion? -Yolk sac -Allantois -Embryo -Blood vessels

Blood vessels

What substance often diffuses from the blood stream to the focal area of the necrosis? -Other tumors -Scarring -Fibrous material -Calcium

Calcium

What condition differentiates preeclampsia from eclampsia? -Obesity -High blood pressure -Convulsions -T235

Convulsions

Which of the following statements is correct? A. A women with a BRCA1 mutation is at high risk of uterine carcinoma B. A women with a BRCA2 mutation is at high risk of both uterine and ovarian carcinoma C. A women with an accessory nipple is at an increased risk of breast carcinoma D. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy greatly reduces breast carcinoma risk in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

D. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy greatly reduces breast carcinoma risk in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

(Multiple): Which statements regarding spontaneous abortion is NOT correct? A. Many spontaneously aborted embryos exhibit chromosomal abnormalities and could not have developed normally B. They occur more frequently in older (premenopausal women) C. They occur in about 10% to 20% of all pregnancies D. They are usually caused by congenital malformation of the mother's uterus or fallopian tubes

D. They are usually caused by congenital malformation of the mother's uterus or fallopian tubes

What refers to the endometrium of pregnancy? -Chorionic vesicle -Mesoderm -Fetal membrane -Decidua

Decidua

How do cysts and tumors look in a mammogram? -Dense, white masses -General dark areas -Dense, dark masses -Interlacing white strands

Dense, white masses

When does mild cyclic hyperplasia occur? -During childhood -During the menstrual cycle -During menopause -During puberty

During the menstrual cycle

At what point in pregnancy is the developing organism no longer called an embryo? -Eighth week after fertilization. -Three months after fertilization. -Three weeks after fertilization. -Twenty months after fertilization.

Eighth week after fertilization

Where do 90% of breast carcinomas arise? -Fibrous tissue -Lymph systems -Lobes -Epithelium of the ducts

Epithelium of the ducts

Rh incompatibility is also known as what condition? -Hydrops fetalis -Erythroblastosis fetalis -Jaundice -Hyperbilirubinemia

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Sixty percent of all breast tumors are responsive to which of the following hormones? -Estrogen -Progesterone -Prolactin -Testosterone

Estrogen

Which hormone or combination of hormones used to treat menopausal symptoms presents the greatest risk for breast cancer? -Estrogen-progestin -Estrogen -HCG -Progesterone

Estrogen-progestin

T/F: A partial mole is the most common type of mole

FALSE

T/F: A placenta previa presents a threat only to the fetus

FALSE

T/F: A woman's breasts are always equal in size

FALSE

T/F: A women who has had one tubal pregnancy is not likely to have another

FALSE

T/F: Accessory breasts and nipples tend to cause other medical problems during development.

FALSE

T/F: An axillary lymph node containing metastatic carcinoma is called a sentinel lymph

FALSE

T/F: An estrogen-receptor- negative breast carcinoma is usually treated with the drug tamoxifen

FALSE

T/F: Chemotherapy is NOT required when hCG levels do not normalize after the removal of a mole

FALSE

T/F: Choriocarcinoma developing as a complication of a hydatidiform mole is very aggressive and has a very poor prognosis despite appropriate chemotherapy treatment

FALSE

T/F: Conjoined twins are generally disparate in size but often well-formed except for their failure to separate

FALSE

T/F: DIC syndrome is cause of fetal death

FALSE

T/F: During placenta previa, a vaginal birth is the preferred manner of birth

FALSE

T/F: Gestation is about 280 days long if calculated from the date conception

FALSE

T/F: Gynecomastia results from a permanent physiological imbalance of male and female hormones that sometimes occurs in the male at puberty.

FALSE

T/F: Hypertrophy is primarily caused by overgrowth of glandular tissue.

FALSE

T/F: Most cases of ABO hemolytic disease occur in group O infants born to group A mothers

FALSE

T/F: Oligohydramnios is a marked increase in the volume of amniotic fluid

FALSE

T/F: The part of the chorion that is devoid of villi is the chorion frondosum

FALSE

T/F: The velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord is as hazardous to the mother as it is to the fetus

FALSE

T/F: Today, disturbing menopausal symptoms are *not* treated by hormones.

FALSE

T/F: Treatment of preeclampsia consists of trying to control the hypertension and vascular damage until the fetus is mature enough to be delivered prematurely at around 30 week gestation if possible

FALSE

T/F: When treating carcinoma, the long-term results of total mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection are much better than the results of partial mastectomy or lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy

FALSE

Why is the incidence of multiple pregnancies higher now than ever? -Healthier mothers -Better nutrition -Healthier fathers -Fertility enhancing drugs

Fertility enhancing drugs

What is a benign, well circumscribed tumor of fibrous and glandular breast tissues that is seen most commonly in young women? -Benign cystic disease -Benign fibrocystic disease -Gynecomastia -Fibroadenoma

Fibroadenoma

What is the condition known as diamniotic dichorionic placenta? -Zygote -Monozygotic twin -Fused placenta -Dizygotic twin

Fused placenta

What is the name for a benign trophoblast proliferation? -Hydatidiform mole -Invasive hydatidiform mole -Choriocarcinoma -Chorion

Hydatidiform mole

What is the name of the condition in which the volume of amniotic fluid is greatly reduced? -Oligohydramnios -Listeria -Polyhydramnios -Hypermeis gravidum

Oligohydraminos

What is the term for a mole that results from a normal ovum fertilized by two sperm? -Choriocarcinoma -Complete mole -Partial mole -Carcinoma

Partial mole

Which of the following is NOT a reason why twin pregnancies are at a disadvantage? -Twin transfusion syndrome -Placental problems -Uterine overcrowding -Premature onset of labor

Placental problems

What is the name of the immune globulin that has a high concentration of human anti-Rh D antibodies? -hCG -Rhogam -Methotrexate -Phototherapy

Rhogam

During pregnancy, when does the body become less responsive to insulin? -Third trimester -First week -Third week -Second trimester

Second trimester

What are lymph nodes located above the clavicle?

Supraclavicular

What are bands of fibrous tissue that connect breasts to chest wall?

Suspensory ligaments

ABO hemolytic disease is usually detected antepartum when hyperbilirubinemia occurs

TRUE

T/F: A complete mole is the most common type of mole

TRUE

T/F: A single dose of methotrexate can destroy a tubal pregnancy

TRUE

T/F: A velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord is when the placenta is attached to the fetal membranes rather than the placenta

TRUE

T/F: A zygote is a fertilized ovum

TRUE

T/F: An estrogen-receptor-positive breast carcinoma has a better prognosis than a breast carcinoma lacking hormone receptors

TRUE

T/F: An extra nipple may occur in men as well as women

TRUE

T/F: Breasts are modified sweat glands

TRUE

T/F: Chorionic villi are fingerlike columns of cells that extend from the chorion and anchor the chorionic vesicle in the endometrium.

TRUE

T/F: Conjoined twins are caused by an incomplete separation of the inner cell mass

TRUE

T/F: Ductal carcinomas make up 90% of all carcinomas

TRUE

T/F: Estrogen plus progestin increases the risk of breast carcinoma

TRUE

T/F: HELLP syndrome is characterized by low platelet count, hemolytic anemia, and liver damage

TRUE

T/F: Hormones have been used to treat menopausal symptoms for many years.

TRUE

T/F: Hypermesis gravidarum is a form of morning sickness

TRUE

T/F: In a velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord, the umbilical cord attached to the fetal membranes

TRUE

T/F: In early pregnancy, when organ systems are developing, hyperglycemia may cause congenital malformation or even lead to death

TRUE

T/F: In the case of hemolytic anemia caused by Rh incompatibility, a transfusion of Rh-negative blood is given.

TRUE

T/F: In twin transfusion syndrome, one twin may become severely anemic, while the becomes overloaded with blood

TRUE

T/F: Mutations of either the BRCA1 gene or BRCA2 gene increase the long-term risk of both breast and ovarian carcinoma

TRUE

T/F: Stillbirths are generally caused by placental abruption

TRUE

T/F: The affected infant is extremely anemic and very edematous as a result of heart failure and impaired hepatic plasma-protein synthesis

TRUE

T/F: The arrangement of the two circulations in the placenta keeps the maternal and fetal blood completely separate from one another, protecting the fetus

TRUE

T/F: The breasts of postmenopausal women contain more fat and less glandular tissue than the breasts of younger women

TRUE

T/F: The fetus is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord

TRUE

T/F: The yolk sac eventually becomes the intestinal track in the developing embryo

TRUE

T/F: Transfer of fetal Rh -positive red cells into the circulation of an Rh-negative mother usually occurs when the placenta separates and is expelled after delivery.

TRUE

T/F: When extra glucose crosses the placenta later in pregnancy, the fetus becomes larger than average size

TRUE

T/F: When the placenta becomes attached in the lower part of the uterus, it is called a placenta previa.

TRUE

Women with gestational diabetes may be at a higher risk for developing which type of diabetes later in life? -Type 1 diabetes -Latent autoimmune disease -Diabetes insipidus -Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Where do most ectopic pregnancies occur? -Ovary -Vagina -Uterine tube -Uterus

Uterine tube

What is a characteristic of BRCA2? -Women who have it have a significantly lower risk for breast cancer. -Women who have it have a 10 to 20% chance of developing an ovarian cancer. -Women who have it have an increased risk for uterine cancer. -Women who have it have a 20 to 40% chance of developing an ovarian cancer.

Woman who have it have a 10-20%* chance of developing an ovarian cancer

The thin layer of acellular material that surrounds the ovum is which of the following?

Zona pellucida

How long does the unfertilized ovum survive? -24 - 48 hours -12 - 48 hours -6 days -12 - 24 hours

12-24 hours

When does fibroadenoma most frequently occur? -In puberty -3rd to 4th decade -In menopause -4th to 5th decade

3rd to 4th decade

What is a germ disk? -A group of cells that are derived from the fertilized ovum. -A mulberry shaped solid cluster of cells formed by division of the fertilized ovum. -A three layered cluster of cells that gives rise to the embryo. -The middle germ layer of the embryo.

A three layered cluster of cells that gives rise to the embryo

What is the most likely reason for early spontaneous abortion? -Ectopic pregnancy -Multiple zygotes -Improperly prepared uterus -Lethal chromosomal abnormalities

Lethal chromosomal abnormalities

Which structures form the TDLU of the breast? -Acini and stromal tissue -Interlobar ducts, acini, and stromal tissue -Acini and ducts -Lobes, ductules, and interlobular ducts

Lobes, ductules, and interlobular ducts

What cells are the source of milk during lactation? -Glandular cells -Myoepithelial cells -Adipose cells -Luminal epithelial cells

Luminal epithelial cells

What is the most common clinical manifestation of breast cancer? -Lump -Nipple or skin retraction -Pain -Bloody discharge

Lump

What part of the decidua is the capsularis? -The portion of the decidua that is stretched over the vesicle.. -The portion of the decidua that forms the maternal portion of the placenta. -The portion of the decidua that lines the endometrial cavity. -The amniotic sac

The portion of the decidua that is stretched over the vesicle..

What is the TNM system? -The radiographic procedures available for breast cancer. -The histologic grade of the cancer. -The staging system for breast cancer. -The measurement of the invasion of the cancer into nearby lymph nodes.

The staging system for breast cancer