Chapter 16
58) A type of union security arrangement in which union membership and dues payment are mandatory conditions of employment is known as: A) union shop. B) closed shop. C) the Rand formula. D) maintenance-of-membership. E) dues shop.
A
19) The most important part of the union structure for human resources managers is the: A) central or regional office. B) local/district labour council. C) local. D) provincial/territorial federation of labour. E) national union.
C
35) All of the following statements about termination of bargaining rights are true EXCEPT: A) Members may apply for decertification if they are dissatisfied with the performance of a union. B) The decertification process generally involves a secret-ballot election. C) A union is automatically decertified when a collective agreement is not negotiated within one year of certification. D) Generally, members may apply for decertification if the union has failed to negotiate a collective agreement within one year of certification. E) It is possible for a labour union to notify the LRB (or equivalent) that it no longer wishes to represent the employees in a particular bargaining unit.
C
43) Which type of bargaining is characterized by three distinct components: the initial point, the target point, and the resistance point? A) concessionary B) integrative C) distributive D) productivity E) mutual gains
C
73) A proactive human resources approach is likely to result in labour-management cooperation or at least a harmonious relationship between union and management.
F
76) For the most part, Canada has a system of grass-roots unionism.
T
57) The most restrictive form of union security is known as: A) closed shop. B) dues shop. C) maintenance-of-membership. D) open shop. E) union shop.
A
80) The actual settlement range in contract negotiations generally lies in the bargaining zone, between management's target and resistance points.
T
70) The group of employees in a firm, plant, or industry that has been recognized by an employer or certified by a LRB as appropriate for collective bargaining purposes is known as a labour union.
T
34) If it is determined that a union obtained its certification through fraudulent acts: A) this is known as termination on abandonment. B) the union will be decertified immediately. C) the LRB (or equivalent) will hold a decertification election. D) the union's fate is determined through a secret-ballot election. E) the collective agreement remains in effect until a replacement has been negotiated.
B
62) All Canadian jurisdictions require that collective agreements contain a clause providing for: A) pattern bargaining. B) final and binding settlement by arbitration of all disputes arising out of the collective agreement. C) surface bargaining. D) a disciplinary process. E) mediation.
B
8) Canada's labour laws have two key purposes, which are: A) providing a common set of rules for fair negotiations and protecting public interest. B) balancing the rights of the public and protection of public welfare. C) protecting union rights and management rights. D) specifying management rights and union rights. E) ensuring the right to unionize or remain union-free.
A
60) A type of security arrangement in which the individuals who were bargaining unit members at the time of certification are not obliged to join the union is referred to as a: A) modified union shop. B) maintenance-of-membership arrangement. C) Rand Formula. D) dues shop. E) union shop.
A
17) The CNTU is the: A) parent union of the Ontario Federation of Labour. B) Quebec counterpart of the CLC. C) parent union of the CLC. D) largest chartered local union in Canada. E) American counterpart of the CLC
B
6) Becoming so responsive to employees' needs that there is no incentive for unionization is associated with which approach to labour relations? A) union avoidance. B) union suppression. C) union acceptance. D) union substitution. E) positive labour relations.
D
66) The final and binding process, through which disputes arising out of the interpretation or application of a collective agreement are settled, is known as: A) mediation—arbitration. B) arbitration. C) interest arbitration. D) rights arbitration. E) final offer selection.
D
68) Unionization impacts HRM in the following way: A) HR Policies must be consistent with the terms of the collective agreement. B) a union steward must design 50% of all HR policies. C) record keeping is decentralized. D) the HR department becomes smaller. E) management has more freedom to make decisions.
A
4) Bargaining has commenced at the Airport Authority in Vancouver. The management bargaining team has as its mandate to strive for a mutually acceptable collective agreement. This is an example of: A) union substitution approach. B) labour relations strategy. C) union avoidance strategy. D) proactive human resources approach. E) union acceptance strategy.
E
86) The grievance procedure provides the opportunity for the interpretation of contract language.
T
69) Demonstrating genuine concern for employee well-being is best described as: A) holding a joint training program to explain contract amendments. B) using third-party assistance. C) fair treatment and communication going well above and beyond the requirements of the collective agreement. D) extending the courtesy of prior consultation. E) instituting an open-door policy.
C
48) Which of the following statements about ratification is FALSE? A) If the proposed collective agreement is rejected, a strike is the inevitable result. B) If any of the bargaining unit members vote in favour of the proposal it replaces any prior agreement. C) When a ratification vote is held, all members of the bargaining unit, whether or not they are trade union members, have the right to cast a ballot. D) The results of a ratification vote have a significant impact. E) In some jurisdictions, ratification is required by law.
A
51) A favourable strike vote means: A) a strike is inevitable. B) a strike will occur within a specified period of time. C) an advantage for management. D) management may be more willing to make concessions. E) going on strike would not involve a high risk
D
11) Convincing politicians of the need for stricter and more comprehensive health and safety legislation is most closely associated with: A) pre-strike activity. B) business unionism. C) information picketing. D) political unionism. E) social unionism.
B
77) Union membership in Canada has been declining rapidly as a percentage of both the civilian labour force and non-agricultural paid workers.
F
71) Collective bargaining is the negotiations that take place between management and employees directly.
F
61) Any rights not limited by the management rights clause are: A) negotiable. B) known as union prerogatives. C) reserved to the union. D) known as management prerogatives. E) reserved to management.
E
32) An alternative mechanism for certification, used in situations in which there is evidence of irregularities early in an organizing campaign, such as unfair management practices, is known as: A) a pre-hearing vote. B) arbitrated certification. C) voluntary recognition. D) a representation vote. E) automatic certification.
A
41) The approach to bargaining often typified as "win-lose" is known as: A) distributive. B) interest-based. C) integrative. D) concessionary. E) productivity.
A
31) All of the following statements about union certification are true EXCEPT: A) In most jurisdictions, LRBs can grant automatic certification. B) In those jurisdictions with automatic certification, if the level of support is not sufficient for such certification, but is above a specified minimum level, the LRB (or equivalent) will order a representation vote. C) If a union loses a representation vote, another election cannot be held among the same employees for at least a year. D) Representation votes are supervised by the LRB (or equivalent). E) In all jurisdictions, in order for a union to be certified, more than 50 percent of the potential bargaining unit members must be in support of the union.
E
33) The process whereby a union is legally deprived of its official recognition as the exclusive bargaining agent for a group of employees is known as: A) automatic decertification. B) decertification due to fraud. C) termination of a voluntarily-recognized union. D) voluntary decertification. E) decertification.
E
55) Situations in which interest arbitration maybe involved include all of the following EXCEPT: A) negotiations involving police officers in most jurisdictions. B) negotiations involving firefighters in most jurisdictions. C) negotiations involving nursing home employees in most jurisdictions. D) negotiations involving public servants in some jurisdictions. E) There are no exceptions listed above.
E
65) The primary purpose of the grievance procedure is to: A) call to the attention of union and management leaders areas of the contract requiring clarification or modification in subsequent negotiations. B) resolve issues that were not anticipated by those at the bargaining table. C) interpret the contract language. D) serve as a communications device. E) ensure the application of the contract with a degree of justice for both parties.
E
47) Bargaining that is aimed at seeking win-win solutions to labour relations issues is ________ bargaining. A) union acceptance B) mutual gains C) integrative D) distributive E) productivity
B
52) Each of the following statements about lockouts is true EXCEPT: A) putting pressure on the union negotiating team to agree to the terms and conditions offered by management. B) they are legally permissible in only a few Canadian jurisdictions. C) lockouts are not a widely used strategy in Canada. D) they can damage an organization's public image. E) they may have a negative impact on nonstriking employees.
B
26) Steps in the unionizing process typically include all of the following EXCEPT: A) employee/union contact. B) formation of an in-house organizing committee. C) a vote. D) an all-out public campaign. E) the outcome: certification, recognition, or rejection.
D
10) Each of the following is a component of business unionism EXCEPT: A) lobbying for legislative changes pertaining to security issues and working conditions. B) negotiating for better pay and benefits. C) achieving better working conditions. D) seeking greater job security. E) There are no exceptions listed above.
E
20) Factors accounting for union membership trends in Canada include all of the following EXCEPT: A) the increase in service sector. B) increase in white-collar jobs. C) a decline in employment in industries that have traditionally been highly unionized. D) more effective HR practices in non-unionized firms. E) There are no exceptions listed above.
E
23) Workers primarily seek unionization when: A) they are extremely dissatisfied. B) they are unhappy with the location of the firm. C) a union organizer convinces them of the benefits of unionization. D) they primarily want career advancement. E) they are dissatisfied and believe that it is only through collective action that the factors causing dissatisfaction can be changed.
E
67) Kate's organization is now unionized, so the HR department will hire a: A) recruitment specialist. B) training specialist. C) line manager. D) compensation specialist. E) labour relations specialist.
E
9) Common characteristics among labour relations legislation in all Canadian jurisdictions include all of the following EXCEPT: A) prohibition of strikes or lockouts during the life of a collective agreement. B) establishment of a labour relations board or the equivalent. C) the requirement that disputes over matters arising from interpretation of the collective agreement be settled by binding arbitration. D) procedures that must be followed by one or both parties before a strike or lockout is legal. E) a minimum term of six months for all collective agreements.
E
16) Which of the following statements about the AFL-CIO and CLC is true? A) The AFL-CIO is the major central labour organization in Canada. B) The purpose of the CLC is social reform C) Most international and national unions belong to the CLC. D) The local/district labour councils belong to both the CLC and AFL-CIO. E) The AFL-CIO and CLC operate independently, and have no common interests.
C
25) Being a union member also has an impact on female workers' ability to achieve: A) career equity. B) union equity. C) pay equity. D) employment equity. E) none of the above.
C
30) Which of the following statements about regular certification is true? A) To gain certification, the voting results must indicate that more than 20 percent of the potential bargaining unit members are in support of the union. B) Automatic certification is permitted in all Canadian jurisdictions. C) Signed authorization cards along with an application for certification are required. D) The majority of union certifications in Canada are based on the results of a secret ballot vote. E) The evidence of support required to apply for certification ranges from 40 to 50 percent depending on jurisdiction
C
50) The use of a neutral third party to assist an organization and the union representing a group of its employees to come to a mutually satisfactory collective agreement is known as: A) interest arbitration. B) rights arbitration. C) conciliation. D) LRB intervention. E) mediation.
C
53) The imposition of the final terms of a collective agreement occurs through the process known as: A) arbitration. B) mediation-arbitration. C) interest arbitration. D) rights arbitration. E) final offer selection.
C
64) In many collective agreements, seniority is the governing factor in layoffs and a(n) ________ factor in transfers and promotions. A) unique B) sufficient C) determining D) first E) important
C
54) The process involved in settling a dispute when special legislation is passed ordering striking or locked-out employees back to work is known as: A) mediation-arbitration. B) final offer selection. C) rights arbitration. D) interest arbitration. E) arbitration.
D
59) Which type of union security arrangement recognizes the fact that the union must represent all employees in the bargaining unit, whether or not they choose to belong to the union? A) union shop B) closed shop C) open shop D) the Rand formula E) maintenance-of-membership
D
An association of persons performing a certain type of skill or trade is called: A) a provincial federation of labour. B) an independent local union. C) an industrial union. D) a craft union. E) an international union.
D
22) The labour relations process consists of ________ steps, as outlined in the text. A) 8 B) 3 C) 6 D) 7 E) 5
E
87) There are generally four internal steps prior to arbitration.
F
72) The basis of a firm's labour relations strategy is the decision to accept or avoid unions.
T
75) Global competition and technological advances pose challenges for the union movement in Canada.
T
79) An off-site setting is preferred for negotiations because it minimizes disruptions, interruptions, and misinterpretations.
T
1) The term labour-management relations refers to: A) the process of labour- management contract negotiations and the process of administering a collective agreement. B) the process of administering a collective agreement. C) relations between union members. D) the process of contract negotiations. E) relations between front line managers and employees only
A
38) During preparation for negotiations unions generally hold a meeting that is open to all bargaining unit members at which: A) individual members have the opportunity to suggest items for inclusion in union demands. B) members submit written proposals. C) union strategic plans are discussed. D) management presents its proposals. E) information is given by the business agent.
A
39) The area defined by the resistance points of each side, in which compromise is possible, as is the attainment of a settlement satisfactory to both parties, is known as the: A) bargaining zone. B) distributive bargaining range. C) settlement range. D) area of potential settlement. E) bargaining range.
A
42) The approach that is appropriate when dealing with monetary issues, but may be used when there is a history of distrust and adversarial relations, is known as ________ bargaining. A) distributive B) productivity C) integrative D) mutual gains E) concessionary
A
45) Wage rates and vacation entitlements are more likely to be fixed-sum issues that are handled by _________ bargaining. A) distributive B) productivity C) mutual gains D) concessionary E) interest-based
A
46) The objective of ________ bargaining is to establish a creative negotiating relationship that benefits labour and management. A) integrative B) productivity C) concessionary D) distributive E) mutual gains
A
49) Memo of settlement is: A) summary of terms and conditions agreed to by the parties. B) signed collective agreement. C) union's agreement to bargain with management. D) managment's agreement to bargain with the union. E) proposals for negotiation.
A
14) The labour organization that, traditionally, represented all of the unskilled and semi-skilled workers in a particular organization or industry is known as: A) an independent local union. B) an industrial union. C) a provincial federation of labour. D) a local/district labour council. E) a craft union.
B
24) During a union organizing drive, the employer is permitted to do the following: A) forbid the distribution of union literature on company property. B) forbid the distribution of union literature on company property and state non-threatening opinions about unions. C) shut down operations to avoid unionization. D) participate in union formation. E) discipline an employee for wanting to join the union.
B
28) Who is responsible for contacting employees, presenting the case for unionization, and signing up members? A) the regional representative B) the in-house organizing committee C) the business agent D) the union organizer E) the president of the local/district labour council
B
29) Under the law, employers are granted the right to do all of the following in response to a unionization attempt EXCEPT: A) increase wages, make promotions, and take other HR actions, as long as they would do so during the normal course of business. B) require employees to attend sessions at which their position is presented. C) prohibit distribution of union literature on their own property on company time. D) express their views and opinions regarding unions. E) state their position regarding the desirability of remaining non-union.
B
3) In a ________, collective bargaining is accepted as an appropriate mechanism for establishing workplace rules. A) union avoidance strategy B) union acceptance strategy C) union substitution approach D) proactive human resources approach E) union suppression approach
B
15) A labour union with branches and members in both Canada and the United States, the head office of which is in the United States, is known as: A) a national union. B) an industrial union. C) an international union. D) a regional union. E) a member of the AFL-CIO.
C
2) The negotiations that take place between a labour union and an employer to arrive at a mutually-acceptable collective agreement are known as: A) contract bargaining. B) contract administration. C) collective bargaining. D) contract ratification. E) union organizing.
C
18) A union steward is: A) a union member elected by management to act as the union representative. B) a union member who is appointed by management to act as the union representative. C) a union member working with an airline. D) a union member elected by workers in a particular area of a firm to act as their union representative. E) a management member elected by workers in an area of a firm to act as their union representative
D
21) Which of the following statements about the unionization of white-collar workers is FALSE? A) To attract white-collar workers, unions have changed their focus and bargaining priorities. B) In the past, many white-collar employees felt little perceived need to unionize. C) The lack of job security related to downsizing and privatization has led to increased interest in unionization among white-collar workers. D) Unions have recently been increasing their efforts to organize blue-collar workers. E) In many firms, pay and benefits improvements negotiated by the union were extended to non-union employees as a matter of course.
D
27) A full-time employee of the union, whose role is to plan and execute union membership recruitment campaigns, is known as: A) a business agent. B) a regional representative. C) the local president. D) a union organizer. E) a chief steward.
D
37) The final outcome of the collective bargaining process is shaped, to a large extent, by: A) the legislative context. B) the skill of the negotiations. C) the choice of bargaining representatives. D) the quality of pre-negotiations planning. E) the number of bargaining team members.
D
40) The settlement range is between: A) Party A's target point and Party B's target point. B) Party B's resistance pint and Party B's target point. C) Party B's resistance point and Party A's target point. D) Party B's resistance point and Party A's resistance point. E) Party A's resistance point and Party B's target point.
D
5) Specific strategies adopted by organizations using the union substitution approach include: A) viewing the union as the legitimate representative of the firm's employees. B) preventing a union from gaining a foothold. C) accepting collective bargaining as an appropriate mechanism for establishing terms and conditions of employment. D) pay, benefits and working conditions equal to or better than those in unionized firms. E) avoiding a union at all costs.
D
74) The primary goal of the labour unions active in Canada is to obtain job security for their members.
F
81) Productivity bargaining is the strategy used when employers are experiencing severe economic problems caused by a general economic recession or financial difficulties.
F
78) In preparation for bargaining, unions generally hold a meeting that is open to all bargaining unit members, at which individuals have the opportunity to suggest items for inclusion in union's demands.
T
82) Integrative bargaining is an approach that assumes that a win-win solution can be found.
T
83) A wildcat strike may be legal or illegal, depending on its timing.
T
84) Unlike conciliators and mediators, arbitrators can impose a settlement.
T
85) There must be a clause in every collective agreement forbidding strikes or lockouts during the life of the contract.
T
12) Speaking out on proposed legislative reforms is most closely associated with: A) political unionism. B) social unionism. C) business unionism. D) pre-strike activity. E) information picketing.
B
36) The process by which a formal collective agreement is established between labour and management is known as: A) conciliation. B) collective bargaining. C) contract ratification. D) contract bargaining. E) collective negotiating
B
44) A negotiating strategy in which the possibility of win-win, lose-win, and lose-lose outcomes is recognized, and there is acknowledgement that achieving a win-win outcome will depend on mutual trust and problem solving, is known as ________ bargaining. A) concessionary B) integrative C) distributive D) mutual gains E) interest-based
B
56) The section of the collective agreement that identifies the recognized trade union and clarifies its rights and responsibilities as the exclusive bargaining agent for the employees in the bargaining unit is known as the ________ clause. A) union exclusivity B) union recognition C) union rights D) bargaining unit descriptor E) union security
B
63) Managers often prefer to place greater weight on ________, while unions want more emphasis placed on ________. A) physical ability, merit B) ability/merit, seniority C) certification, merit D) attitude, seniority E) loyalty, seniority
B
7) An organizing drive has begun at a busy branch of a bank. The managers wish to avoid a union at all costs. This approach to labour relations is: A) union substitution. B) union suppression. C) union avoidance. D) union acceptance. E) tough bargaining.
B
