Chapter 16

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012. 13% 15% 19% 25%

19%

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________. 1850 1933 1954 1960

1954

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States? Carl Rogers Dorothea Dix Philippe Pinel Sigmund Freud

Dorthea Dix

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care? Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized. Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time. Most patients aren't mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter. Patients often leave before their doctor releases them.

Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false? It involves dream analysis. It involves free association. It was developed by Sigmund Freud. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.

It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.

What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques? A meta-analysis suggests that psychodynamic psychoanalysis is the least effective approach. Data regarding the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques is unavailable. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another. Research shows that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective approach.

No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.

What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system? Criminals are likely to fake mental illness to avoid trial. Criminals plead insanity to get away with index crimes such as murder. Criminals with mental illnesses stay in prison in order to receive treatment. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

Who developed psychoanalysis? Carl Jung Carl Rogers Dorothea Dix Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences. The word "clinical" should be changed to the word "theoretical." The word "preferences" should be changed to the word "references." The word "psychology" should be changed to the word "therapy." The word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client."

The word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client."

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this? active listening indirect empathy personal growth unconditional positive regard

active listening

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Adderall Clozaril Lithium Xanax

adderall

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails? aversion therapy aversive conditioning experience conditioning exposure therapy

aversive conditioning

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. biomedical cognitive humanistic RET

biomedical

What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy? broke their backs cured them had no effect put them in a coma

broke their backs

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease. chronic fleeting imaginary simple

chronic

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________. client engages in self-reflection prior to the session to decide what to discuss client keeps a dream diary to guide therapy sessions client says whatever comes to mind at the moment therapist hypnotizes the client

client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy? client's early infancy client's present and future client's recent past client's unconscious desires

client's present and future

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________. client's personal goals client's personality as determined during intake client's willingness to follow the recommendations of the therapist therapist-client relationship

clients personal goals

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? cognitive therapy non-directive therapy play therapy psychodynamic psychotherapy

cognitive therapy

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so? confidentiality disclosure discretion privilege

confidentiality

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. cognitive therapy free association rational emotive therapy transference

free association

Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy. group humanistic individual play

group

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors? client's characteristics, values, preferences, and culture clinical expertise of the psychologist or therapist having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex use of evidence-based treatment that is deemed appropriate for client's issue

having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

What is the goal of humanistic therapy? helping clients change undesirable behaviors helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves learning a new response to a stimulus treating a client's fear or anxiety

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe? free association humanistic involuntary voluntary

involunvary

Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? all-or-nothing thinking emotional crumbling jumping to conclusions overgeneralization

jumping to conclusions

Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys? ECT free association play therapy Rogerian psychotherapy

play therapy

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________. a prophet about to die in need of counseling possessed by demons

possessed by demons

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________. decriminalization of patients medicalization of patients process of closing large asylums treatment of those on parole and probation

process of closing large asylums

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill? churches prisons psychiatric hospitals schools

psychiatric hospitals

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________. biomedical therapy play therapy psycho-educational treatment rational-emotive therapy (RET)

psycho-educational treatment

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? behavior therapy cognitive therapy humanistic therapy psychodynamic psychotherapy

psychodynamic psychotherapy

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. nursing homes rural areas schools urban areas

rural areas

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this? dream analysis stimulus hierarchy virtual hierarchy virtual reality exposure

stimulus hierarchy

Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________. suggested the person could not be helped suggested the person seeking help needed medicine suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure was too negative

suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this? active listening client focus transference unconditional positive regard

unconditional positive regard

Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe? classical conditioning electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involuntary voluntary

voluntary

How long does psychoanalysis typically take? months one week of intensive sessions weeks years

years