Chapter 16
Adaptation refers to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide. A. true B. false
B
Given the magnitude of the problem, most state governments have taken significant steps to address climate change in their states. A. true B. false
B
Given their disparate political values and chief constituents, it is understandable that Republicans and Democrats have almost always been divided on environmental concerns. A. true B. false
B
In the United States, the federal government has consistently been a leader in addressing climate change, often pushing states to develop more progressive means to address climate change. A. true B. false
B
Power plants, oil refineries, and cement plants are all examples of ______ sources of pollution. A. nuclear B. stationary C. mobile D. international
B
Problems related to ______ are a recent issue taken up by local and state governments, even though movements to address this concern began in the 1960s. A. taxes B. climate change C. crime D. budgets
B
Renewable energy sources include coal and oil. A. true B. false
B
States that have pursued climate change policies without federal action have not faced many challenges. A. true B. false
B
Studies have found that most states have made the effort to protect themselves from the effects of climate change. A. true B. false
B
The United States has been a part of the Paris accord, an agreement that every country in the world is a party to, since it was negotiated in 2015. A. true B. false
B
The federal government has had a good track record in addressing climate change challenges. A. true B. false
B
Which of these best describes the controversial process of pumping a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into the ground in order to extract fossil fuels, such as natural gas and oil? A. staking B. fracking C. drilling D. mining
B
Taking steps to prepare for and deal with the effects of climate change.
adaptation
Rising average temperatures worldwide.
global warming
Cap and trade systems have been used to address numerous environmental issues, such as acid rain. A. true B. false
A
Communities that bounce back from disasters related to climate change are often referred to as ______. A. resilience B. flexibility C. adaptation D. mitigation
A
Former President Trump removed the United States from the Paris accord. A. true B. false
A
Fracking poses significant environmental risks such as groundwater pollution. A. true B. false
A
Given their ideological commitments and the demographics of their staunchest political supporters, Democrats are more likely to be worried about climate change than Republicans. A. true B. false
A
Greenhouse gases released by vehicles are referred to as ______ emissions. A. tailpipe B. battery C. radiator D. alternator
A
Greenhouse gases released by vehicles are referred to as tailpipe emissions. A. true B. false
A
Land-use policies are decided at which level of government? A. local B. federal C. state D. regional
A
Resilience has become a buzzword among Civil leaders who are looking to address the impact of environmental changes, have had or could have on their communities. A. true B. false
A
Taking steps to plan for the effects of climate change is referred to as adaptation. A. true B. false
A
The nation's leading source of greenhouse emissions is ______. A. power plants B. cement plans C. cars D. oil refineries
A
The use of a "cap-and-trade" policy puts a limit on the emission of a pollutant. A. true B. false
A
The use of waivers under the Clean Air Act gave California the ability to experiment and develop innovations to help reduce emissions. A. true B. false
A
When responding to climate change, both mitigation and adaptation are important. A. true B. false
A
Which of these is the key power source for the entire Eastern Seaboard? A. coal B. biofuel C. natural gas D. solar power
A
Which of these is used to generate half of the nation's electricity? A. coal B. biofuel C. wind D. solar
A
Which term is used to describe the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide? A. mitigation B. alternation C. modification D. adaptation
A
During the 1970s, Southern California was notorious for which type of pollution? A. soil erosion B. acid rain C. smog D. groundwater contamination
C
Given their state political culture, which state is likely to put a larger emphasis on clean air and water than the others? A. West Virginia B. Kentucky C. California D. Ohio
C
Ian works for an energy company and has been asked to defend his company's use of fracking to mine natural gas. What argument about the benefits of fracking should Ian use? A. It has led to an increase in renewable energy sources. B. It has decreased natural gas production in the United States. C. It has lowered the unemployment rate in some states. D. It has made the United States dependent on foreign fossil fuels.
C
______ enacted a measure to regulate tailpipe emissions in 2002, setting the stage for other states to follow their example. A. Maine B. West Virginia C. California D. Florida
C
The law, initially enacted in 1970, that provides authority for federal regulation of air pollution.
Clean Air Act
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warned that if carbon emissions were not reduced, the world would face catastrophic effects as early as ______. A. 2035 B. 2025 C. 2030 D. 2040
D
A 1997 international treaty that sought to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
Kyoto Protocol
The federal agency charged with protecting the environment.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
A system for limiting pollution by assigning allowances to polluters, who can sell their excess permits if they succeed in reducing their emissions.
cap and trade
A naturally occurring gas, the prevalence of which is increased by the burning of fossil fuels.
carbon dioxide
A shift in global temperatures.
climate change
A process in which water, sand, and chemicals are pumped into the ground to enable the extraction of natural gas and oil.
fracking
Emissions—primarily carbon dioxide but also other gases such as methane—that are believed to contribute to global warming.
greenhouse gases
Reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases and other steps taken to curb the forces that cause climate change.
mitigation
Power generated using natural sources that can be replenished, such as wind and solar energy, as opposed to nonrenewable fossil fuels.
renewable energy
Like adaptation, a term borrowed from biology to describe efforts to prepare for effects of climate change.
resilience
A type of air pollution; the word comes from the combination of smoke and fog.
smog
Greenhouse gases released by cars and other vehicles.
tailpipe emissions