Chapter 16 AP Euro
A state may be termed __________ when it possesses a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of force within clearly defined boundaries. A) sovereign B) absolute C) a monarchy D) a nation E) a constitutional nation
a
The paulette, introduced by Henry IV, was A) an annual fee paid by royal officials to guarantee heredity in their offices. B) a tax paid on salt. C) a guarantee of religious freedom for Huguenots. D) a property tax paid by all landowners in France. E) a head tax on the peasantry.
a
Louis XIV installed his royal court at A) Paris. B) Versailles. C) Aix. D) Dijon. E) Languedoc.
b
Political power in the Dutch republic was A) held by the central government. B) controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants. C) held by the stadholder and his royal courtiers. D) exercised by a democratically elected States General. E) monopolized by members of the Calvinist Consistory.
b
The administration of justice in eastern Europe generally was A) in the hands of trained jurists working for the monarch. B) controlled by local landlords. C) the basis of the monarch's reforms. D) relegated to the local clergy. E) the business of village headmen.
b
The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi, and the resulting Treaty of A) Utrecht. B) the White Mountain. C) the Pyrenees. D) Olivares. E) Westphalia.
c
Louis XIII's decision to destroy Huguenot independence was based on A) the Huguenots' close relationship with England. B) Huguenot attempts to resume the religious wars of the previous century. C) the king's desire to confiscate Huguenot property. D) the Huguenots' refusal to allow Catholics freedom of worship in Huguenot cities. E) his desire to settle Canada more rapidly
d
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate is best described as a A) popular democracy. B) cabinet-style parliamentary government. C) constitutional monarchy. D) Puritan, military dictatorship. E) proletarian dictatorship.
d
Richelieu's constructive genius is best reflected in his A) military victories. B) attacks on French Protestants. C) support of regional nobility. D) unwillingness to use war as an instrument of state power. E) administrative innovations.
e
The Edict of Nantes was intended to A) establish a permanent policy of toleration. B) diminish the importance of Protestants in France. C) create an absolute separation of church and state. D) raise funds for new wars. E) promote temporary religious and civil concord.
e
The cause of the War of Spanish Succession was A) the cutting off of an English merchant ship captain's ear by the crew of a Spanish revenue cutter. B) French fear of a political merger between England and the Netherlands. C) English attempts to foment rebellion in Spain's American colonies. D) Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes. E) The prospect of Louis XIV controlling both the French and Spanish thrones.
e
Which country had the highest living standards in Europe in the mid-seventeenth century? A) England. B) France. C) Sweden. D) Spain. E) the Netherlands.
e
A significant feature of English society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was A) growing wealth of the country gentry and middleclass businessmen. B) resurgence of Roman Catholicism. C) declining popularity of "reformed" religions. D) economic decline of the business classes. E) increasing importance of monasticism.
a
Colbert's contributions to the economy of France included all of the following except A) creating a national bank. B) establishing new industries and colonial ventures. C) improving the transportation and communication systems within France. D) creating a powerful merchant marine to transport French goods. E) setting up tariffs to protect French industry.
a
French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the A) prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France. B) destruction of English naval power. C) destruction of the economic power of the Low Countries. D) protection of Burgundy. E) winning back of Alsace-Lorraine.
a
Richelieu's notion of ____________ justified actions on behalf of the state that would be condemned if carried out by private individuals. A) raison d'état B) absolutism C) totalitarianism D) sin E) esprit de corps
a
The decline of Spain in the seventeenth century can be attributed to all of the following causes except A) conflict between the church and the state. B) the incredible wealth of South America destroyed what remained of the middle class. C) involvement in a number of wars. D) a pervasive feeling of pessimism and fatalism among Spanish leaders. E) the concept that moneymaking was vulgar and undignified, which resulted in people entering a number of economically unproductive professions (such as priests, monks, and nuns).
a
The importance and liberty of eastern European towns were undermined, in large part, by A) nobles selling agricultural commodities directly to foreign capitalists. B) the enserfment of the peasants. C) the creation of royal monopolies on trade. D) the depopulation resulting from the Black Death. E) the arrival of German migrants who took over commerce.
a
The period ___________ saw witch-hunting on an unprecedented scale. A) 1560 to 1660 B) 1500 to 1600 C) 1600 to 1700 D) 1550 to 1580 E) 1530 to 1700
a
Which of the following was not one of the outcomes of the Peace of Utrecht? A) It gave the Dutch control over the former Spanish Netherlands. B) It completed the decline of Spain as a great power. C) It vastly expanded the British Empire. D) It ended French expansionist policy. E) It gave European powers experience in international cooperation, particularly in the balance-of-power principle.
a
According to the text, the reason that labor shortages led to freedom for peasants in western Europe and bondage for peasants in eastern Europe was A) the labor shortage was worse in western Europe. B) the monarchs in eastern Europe were weaker before the seventeenth century and could not restrain the nobles from oppressing the peasants. C) eastern Orthodoxy provided strong theological support for serfdom. D) eastern European lords needed to export grain to western Europe. E) the Germanic heritage of western Europe.
b
French intendants were almost always recruited from the A) nobles of the sword. B) new, judicial nobility. C) commercial elite. D) university professors. E) senior clergy.
b
In response to the problems of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the landlords of eastern Europe A) offered better economic terms to their peasants. B) used political power to gain control of the peasants. C) renounced their traditional control of local justice. D) imported labor from western Europe. E) imported Turkic slaves.
b
Mercantilist theory postulated that A) government should not interfere in the economy. B) imports and exports should be equally balanced. C) government should intervene to secure the largest share of limited resources. D) overseas colonies were an unwanted drain of valuable gold bullion. E) free trade would maximize the wealth of all nations.
b
The center of the struggle between the French crown and the Huguenots in 1627 was A) Paris. B) La Rochelle. C) Nantes. D) Languedoc. E) Amiens.
b
The decline of the Dutch economy was caused by A) an inflationary spiral created by Spanish gold. B) the wars of the seventeenth century. C) labor unrest and rebellion. D) the collapse of the wool industry. E) deflation of the price of tulip bulbs.
b
The primary instrument of Dutch overseas imperialism was the A) Royal Navy. B) Dutch East India Company. C) Bank of Amsterdam. D) Company for Trade and Exploitation of the East. E) States General.
b
The spark that caused the English Glorious Revolution was the A) conflict over taxation between Charles II and Parliament. B) fear of a Catholic dynasty being established by James II. C) economic dislocation that had resulted from the civil war. D) defeat suffered in the War of the Spanish Succession. E) 1640 uprising in Ireland.
b
Typically, French classicism A) challenged existing concepts concerning art. B) presented subject matter associated with the Greco-Roman past. C) had little support from the royal government. D) emphasized individualistic renderings of society. E) rejected the Baroque.
b
___________'s plays include Tartuffe and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme. A) Racine B) Molière C) Sully D) Charpentier E) Couperin
b
Between 1635 and 1659 the French army increased by approximately how many times? A) Two. B) Five. C) Ten. D) Twenty. E) One hundred.
c
In 1685 _____________ was the strongest and most highly centralized state in Europe. A) Spain B) England C) France D) the Netherlands E) Austria
c
Medieval kings claimed to rule A) by the grace of the church. B) at the pleasure of the people. C) by divine right. D) through personal merit. E) by force and force alone.
c
Starvation and economic crisis in France in 1688-1694 were caused by all of the following except A) pillaging troops. B) high taxes to support the war effort. C) a typhoid epidemic. D) cold, wet summers. E) a slump in exports.
c
The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was A) reform of the church. B) a belief in decentralization. C) the subordination of all groups and institutions to the monarchy. D) the sovereignty of the people. E) hostility to the Huguenots.
c
According to the text, what values consonant with business success did Calvinism promote? A) Self-interest and greed. B) Obsession with detail. C) An inquisitive spirit. D) Hard work, thrift, and postponement of gratification. E) Generosity, open-mindedness, and sociability.
d
John Locke was the great spokesman A) who justified the execution of Charles I on charges of treason. B) of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate. C) who defended James I's absolutist claims. D) of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. E) for the Test Act.
d
The first tactic employed by the landlords to cope with labor shortages was to A) destroy town liberties. B) employ women and children. C) encourage the emergence of small-scale farming. D) restrict peasant freedom of movement. E) offer peasants lower rents.
d
The state that gained the most from the War of the Spanish Succession was A) Spain. B) France. C) the United Provinces. D) England. E) Prussia.
d
__________, Henry IV's chief minister, was a devout Protestant. A) Locke B) Colbert C) Richelieu D) Sully E) Marat
d
Among the weaknesses of the French financial system under Louis XIV were all of the following except A) the sale of the job of tax collector to "tax farmers." B) high military expenditures. C) noble immunity from taxation. D) many middle-class tax exemptions. E) lack of direction in state financial and economic policy under the incompetent Colbert.
e
Charles II was restored to the English throne in A) 1688. B) 1645. C) 1703. D) 1648. E) 1660.
e
The English Navigation Act of 1651 A) set high tariffs on imports to England. B) repealed all taxes on wool exported from England. C) provided direct subsidies to the English shipbuilding industry. D) abolished all customs duties and taxes on inland waterways in England. E) required that English goods be transported on English ships.
e
The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that A) kings ruled by divine right. B) Parliament ruled by divine right. C) only in England was a limited, constitutional monarchy possible. D) mankind is inherently good and requires no formal government. E) the power of the ruler was absolute but derived from an implicit contract with the governed.
e
The Fronde refers to A) the guerrilla warfare that finally won Lorraine for Louis XIV. B) Louis XIV's secret office for opening private letters in the Paris post office. C) the region of southern France where high-quality linen was produced for export. D) the huge garden Louis XIV had constructed at Versailles. E) a rebellion by aristocrats and others early in the reign of Louis XIV.
e
