Chapter 16: Eye and Ear
What structures do tears travel through?
-Lacrimal puncta -Lacrimal canaliculus -Lacrimal sac -Nasolacrimal duct
What are the names of the cochlea's 3 fluid filled ducts?
-Scala tympani -Cochlear duct -Scala vestibuli
Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?
-Semicircular ducts -Saccule -Utricle
Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?
-Superior colliculi -Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Each macula of the utricle and saccule is composed of which structures?
-Supporting cells -Hair cells
Order the following structures from superficial to deep: -Neural layer of the retina -Choroid -Pigmented layer of the retina -Sclera
1) Sclera 2) Choroid 3) Pigmented layer of retina 4) Neural layer of retina
How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for each eye?
6
What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity?
Aqueuos humor
Pupils contricting, cones gradually adjusting, and rods becoming inactive all occur during what adaptation?
Bright light adaptation
The optic disc is associated with what cranial nerve?
CN II
The point of greatest visual acuity in the retina is where?
Central Fovea
Vestibular nerve axons project first to which structures?
Cerebellum and medulla
Which structure within the ampulla contains hair cells that are involved in dynamic equilibrium?
Crista
Which of the following structures senses change in rotational acceleration of the head in order to help maintain dynamic equilibrium?
Cupula
Earwax is a combination of what two things?
Dead skin cells Cerumen
The auricle has what type of cartilage that supports its structure?
Elastic
The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called what?
External acoustic meatus
Myopia
Eyeball is too long
Hyperopia
Eyeball is too short
What cannels in the photoreceptor open as a consequence of the dark current?
Glutamate
Which structure transduces mechanical vibration into electrical signals?
Hair cells
The [OUTER/INNER] segment of the photoreceptors connect directly to the cell body.
Inner
Cataracts are a disorder of what part of the eye?
Lens
Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called what?
Lysozyme
Which ear structure contains otoliths (ear stones)?
Macula of the saccule
List the auditory ossicles:
Malleus Incus Stapes
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"
Optic disc
What is the margin between the photosenstive and nonphotosensitive regions of the retina called?
Ora serrata
What is the fat surrounding the eye called?
Orbital fat
Which structure converts vibrations in the endolymph into action potentials?
Organ of Corti
The [OUTER/INNER] segment of each photoreceptor is composed of hundreds of discs containing photopigments that are capable of absorbing light energy.
Outer
What's another name for the eyelids?
Palpebrae
What is the space behind the lens called?
Posterior cavity
RODS OR CONES: -They work well in dim light and there are more than 100 million of these cells in each eye
Rods
Perilymph is located in what 2 structures?
Scala tympani Bony labyrinth of the semicircular canals
Which structures are part of the vestibular complex?
Semicircular ducts Saccule Utricle
Which auditory ossicle contacts the oval window?
Stapes
What ligament connects the ciliary body to the lens?
Suspensory ligaments
List two muscles in the inner ear?
Tensor tympani Stapedius
Dark adaptation
The process in which the eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination.
What is the roof of the cochlear duct formed by?
The vestibular membrane
The vitreous body is also called what?
Vitreous humor
The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the...
thalamus
Place the structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep. -Choroid -Photoreceptors -Bipolar cells -Horizontal cells
1. Choroid 2. Photoreceptors 3. Horizontal cells 4. Bipolar cells
Place the layers of the eye in order from superficial to deep: Vascular tunic Retina Fibrous tunic
1. Fibrous tunic 2. Vascular tunic 3. Retina
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?
Choroid
What type of lens is used to treat myopia?
Concave
The junction of the palpebral and ocular conjunctiva is called what?
Conjunctival fornix
Upon exposure to light, the retina straightens out and reconfigures into a form called this:
Trans-retinal