Chapter 16 Review public speaking

What are questions of policy? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.

To persuade my audience that the US Congress should pass legislation curbing the spread of phony pharmaceuticals.

What are questions of value? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of value.

Usually topical "To persuade my audience that bicycle riding is the ideal form of land transportation."

What does it mean to say that audiences engage in a mental dialogue with the speaker as they listen to a speech? What implications does this mental give-and-take hold for effective persuasive speaking?

While they listen, they assess the speaker's credibility, delivery, supporting materials, language, reasoning, and emotional appeals. You must anticipate objections and answer them in your speech.

burden of proof

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

What are the five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence? Why is the motivated sequence especially useful in speeches that seek immediate action from listeners?

1. Attention 2. Need 3. Satisfaction 4. Visualization 5. Action Follows process of human thinking and leads listener step by step to desired action.

What are the three basic issues you must deal with when discussing a question of policy? What will determine the amount of attention you give to each of these issues in any particular speech?

1. Need- there is a need for something, if defending current policy, there is no need 2. Plan- plan for solving problem 3. Practicality- will the plan work, one way is to show that a similar plan works elsewhere

What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?

1. Problem-Solution 2. Problem-Cause-Solution 3. Comparative Advantages 4. Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Monroe's motivated sequence

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

speech to gain passive agreement

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy.

speech to gain immediate action

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy.

question of fact

A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.

What are questions of fact? How does a persuasive speech on a question of fact differ from an informative speech? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of fact.

Informative- speaker is nonpartisan Persuasive- partisan, acts as an advocate Usually organized topically, providing a reason. "To persuade my audience that William Shakespeare did not write the plays attributed to him."

Explain the difference between passive agreement and immediate action as goals for persuasive speeches on questions of policy.

Passive Agreement -should abolish electoral college, something your audience can't really do Immediate Action - give time to Big Brothers or Big Sisters, something you are urging them to do now

need

The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?

practicality

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems?

comparative advantages order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.

problem-solution order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.

problem-cause-solution order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.

question of policy

A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken. Usually contain the word "should."

question of value

A question of the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.

What is the difference between an informative and persuasive speech? Why is speaking to persuade more challenging than speaking to inform?

Affecting your listeners' attitudes, beliefs, or actions. Using ethical methods to communicate your ideas.

mental dialogue with the audience

The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech.

What is the target audience for a persuasive speech?

The part of the audience you most want to persuade.

target audience

The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.

persuasion

The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs of actions.

plan

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?