Chapter 16- Sensory Organs Practice Problems

Match each photopigment to the type of retinal cell that produces it.

- Rhodopsin:Rods - Photopsin:Cones - Melanopsin:Ganglion cells

Match each tunic of the eyeball to its components

- Tunica fibrosa: sclera and cornea -Tunica vasculosa: choroid, cilary body, and iris -Tunica interna: retina and beginning of the optic nerve

Match the type of pain to its definition

1. Fast (first) pain: sharp, localized pain that occurs at the time of injury 2. Slow (second) pain: Dull, diffuse pain that occurs immediately following injury 3. Somatic pain: Pain arising from skin, muscles, and joints 4. Visceral pain: Pain arising from internal organ

Place the following events in the correct order starting with what happens first.

1. Odorant molecules bind to G-protein coupled receptors on some olfactory hairs 2. Activation of cAMP second messenger system inside olfactory cells 3. Ion channels open in the olfactory cells' membranes 4. Influx of cations depolarize olfactory cells 5. Action potentials travel down the olfactory nerve

Put the following events in order to describe how the semicircular canals detect angular acceleration. Start with rotation of the semicircular canals.

1. Rotation of semicircular canals 2. Endolymph pushes against cupula 3. Stereocilia bend 4. Hair cells depolarize 5. Action potentials travel down vestibular nerve

Rank the types of lingual papillae according to how many taste buds they contain. Start with those that contain the highest number of taste buds per papillae, and end with those that do not contain any taste buds.

1. Vallate papillae 2. Fungiform papillae 3. Foliate papillae 4. Filiform papillae

Starting with the optic nerve, list steps in conduction of a nerve impulse from eyes to brain.

1. hemidecussation in optic chiasm 2. optic tracts 3. processing in lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus 4. optic radiations 5. primary visual cortex in occipital lobe

Order of events in detecting cell:

1. odorant molecule binds to receptor on olfactory hair 2. G protein is activated leading to formation of cAMP 3. Ion channels open in olfactory cell membrane 4. Influx of sodium or calcium ions, depolarizing olfactory cell 5. receptor potential is transmitted into brain

Sequence of events that stimulate crista ampullaris.

1. rotation of semicircular canals 2. lagging behind of endolymph 3. pressure of cupula 4. bending sterocilia 5. action potential

List steps (in order) involved in generating nerve signal within macula utriculi and sacculi starting with the movement of head.

1. tilt or acceleration of head 2. shift of otolithic membrane 3. bending stereocilia 4. action potential

Identify the range of frequency of light that is visible to the human eye.

400-700 mn

Which fluid is secreted by the ciliary body and fills the anterior cavity of the eye?

Aqueous humor

True or false: sensory receptors are composed of sensory organs.

False Sensory organs contain sensory receptors along with accessory tissue.

Match each type of lingual papillae to its anatomical description.

Filiform: Tiny spikes found mostly on the middle of the tongue Foliate: Two parallel ridges on the side of the tongue Fungiform: Mushroom-shaped bumps concentrated at the tip and sides of the tongue Vallate: Large circular bumps that form a V towards the back of the tongue.

Which of the following is an example of a general sense?

General (somatosensory, somesthetic) -touch, pressure, stretch, heat, cold, and pain

Identify modality that triggers photoreceptors.

Light

What are the visible bumps on the tongue called?

Lingual papillae

Ossicles of middle ear in order starting from tympanic membrane to oval window.

Malleus, incus, stapes

Indicate the three terms that describe sense that utilize receptors that are widely distributed throughout the body.S

Somesthetic senses, general sense, somatosensory senses

Which sensory modalities depend on the activation of chemoreceptors?

Taste, smell (odor), body fluid composition

Identify the significance of a sensory projection pathway.

The ability to discern a specific area of stimulus on a receptor.

The pathway of transmission of a stimulus from the retina to the visual cortex in the brain is describing:

a sensory projection pathway

Name the classification of a substance or mechanism that has pain relieving properties.

algesic

As a generic medical definition, a (n) _______ is a substance or mechanism that has pain relieving properties.

analgesic

The receptive field is the ____.

area of stimulus detected by a single sensory neuron

The ___ extends from the external acoustic meatus through the temporal bone to the tympanic membrane.

auditory canal

Two sense detected within the inner ear.

balance, hearing

Which sensory modalities are mediated by inner ear structures?

balance, hearing

Name type of receptor that detects specific molecules.

chemoreceptor

Identify the three regions of the vascular layer (tunic).

choroid, cilliary body, iris

Axons from hair cells of the spiral organ form the ____ nerve.

cochlear

The _____ cells are photoreceptors which are responsible for day (in light) and color vision.

cone

List components of the near response for close vision.

convergence of the eyes, accommodation of the lens, constriction of the pupil

The ____ is the translucent anterior section of the fibrous layer (tunic) of the eye while the _____ is the white of the eye.

cornea, sclera

"Loudness" of sound is expressed in:

decibels (dB)

Stereoscopic vision provides for:

depth perception

The tympanic membrane can also be referred to as the _____.

eardrum

_______ refers to a relaxed state in which the eyes are focused on far away objects.

emmetropia

Interoceptors respond to stimuli _____.

from internal organs

Endogenous opioids such as endorphins, enkephalins and dynophins ____ pain pathways

inhibit

The ______ layer (tunic) of eye contains the retina.

inner

List components of lacrimal apparatus.

lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts

Papillae on the tongue are refferred to as _____ papillae.

lingual

What sight is where tase buds mostly abundant.

lingual papillae

Describe the location of the olfactory mucosa.

located inferior to the cribriform plate on the roof of the nasal cavity

Name the type of receptor that detects touch, pressure, stretc, or vibration

mechanoreceptor

Most encapsulated nerve endings are which of the following?

mechanoreceptors

Vestibular nerves lead to four vestibular nuclei that are located in the ____ and _____.

medulla oblongata, pons

The _____ ear is the area between the tympanic membrane (ear drum) and the oval window of the cochlea.

middle

The term ____ refers to the type of stimulus or the sensation a receptor produces.

modality

The ______ duct connects the lacrimal apparatus to the nasal cavity.

nasolacrimal

The term ___ response refers to the processes involved in focusing on close objects.

near

Describe olfactory cells.

neurons

A _____ is a pain receptor which is stimulated by tissue damage.

nociceptor

Influences of perception of stimulus intensity:

number of nerve fibers that fire, which nerve fibers send signal, frequency of sensory nerve fiber firing

The sense of smell is also known as ______.

olfaction

Neural components of eye.

optic nerve, retina

The ______ within the eye is actually part of the diencephalon of the brain.

optic vesicle

Equilibrium refers to the perception of : (identify 3)

orientation in space, coordination, balance

________ is a sensation mediated by specialized receptors called nocicpetors.

pain

Proprioceptors respond to stimuli _______.

pertaining to position or movements of body parts

______ is the visual pigment present in cones.

photopsin

Rods, cones, and ganglion cells are examples of ____.

photoreceptor cells

Color blindness results from abnormality in or lack of _______, a type of photoreceptor protein.

photospin

All of the taste cells of a taste bud lie deep to an opening within the epithelium called a taste ____>

pore

A ______ refers to any structure capable of detecting a stimulus.

receptor

The sensation felt along the medial aspect of the left arm during heart attack, when in reality occurs due to the stimulation of visceral pain pathways, is an example of:

refferred pain

What are the two moieties of rhodopsin?

retinal, opsin

____ is the visual pigment present in rods.

rhodopsin

A ______ is a photoreceptor cell that only produces images in shades of gray, and is responsible for night vision.

rod cell

Identify the fluid-filled cochlear chambers that contain perilymph.

scala tympani, scala vestibuli Scala medi (cochlear duct) contains endolymph

Identify two sections of the fibrous layer of the eye.

sclera, cornea

A _____ is the conscious perception of a stimulus.

sensation

Define gustation.

sense of tense

Any audible vibration of molecules creates ______ and can be detected by one of your special senses.

sound

Externoreceptors respond to______.

stimuli external to the body

Which of the following sensations result from activation of interoceptors?

stretch, pressure, visceral pain, nausea

Four structure types that are encapsulated nerve endings.

tactile (meissner) corpusles, end bulbs, bulbous (Ruffini) corpuscles, lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

A _____ is a receptor that responds to a temperature (heat and cold)

thermoreceptor

A(n) _____ is the type of receptor that is specialized to respond to hot and cold stimuli.

thermoreceptor

A ______ is a receptor that responds to temperature (heat and cold)

thermoreceptors

The olfactory ___ carry sensory information from the olfactory bulbs to the primary olfactory cortex.

tracts

Describe the function of outer ear.

transmit sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane

The primary function of a sensory receptor:

transuction

Transmission of sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles is the function of the ____.

tympanic membrane

Describe location of olfactory tracts.

underneath the frontal lobe

The sense of _____ is the perception of objects resulting from detection of the light they emit or reflect.

vision

Which of the following are examples of sensory modality?

vision, hearing

Which following sensations result from input by exteroceptors?

vision, touch, pain in skin, hearing

The lens is located in between the ____ and ____.

vistreous humor, posterior chamber Anterior chamber and posterior chamber have pupil between them.

The ____ body is a jelly-like substance located between the lens and the retina of the eyeball.

vitreous