Chapter 16 Study Guide - U.S History
13th Amendment - Definition
- abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
14th Amendment - Definition
- granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and declared that states may not deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law."
15th Amendment - Definition
- prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
U.S. v. Cruikshank - D
1876 Supreme Court case ruled against any individual right to bear arms Second Amendment guaranteed only states' rights to maintain militias State governments could regulate guns however they saw fit
Ulysses S. Grant
18th President of the United States. 1865 commanding general
Rutherford B. Hayes - S
19th President, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Rutherford B. Hayes -D
19th President, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Andrew Johnson's Plan of Restoration
Confederate states will only be a part of the Union when they granted to taking an oath. No pardons to Confederate officials and persons owning property valued in excess of $20,000. Needed to abolish slavery.
"Shermanland" - S
Eased the transition to of blacks from slaves to free persons.
Black Codes - D
In 1865, newly elected southern legislators across the South adopted a series of laws known as black codes. Several states made it illegal for black to own a gun. Mississippi made insulting gestures and language by blacks a criminal offense. The codes barred blacks from jury duty and not one southern state allowed black men the right to vote.
Colfax Massacres - D
In the wake of the contested 1872 election for governor of Louisiana and local offices, a group of white Democrats, armed with rifles and a small cannon, overpowered Republican freedmen and state militia (also black) trying to control the Grant Parish courthouse in Colfax
Wade-Davis Bill - S
It basically was designed to permit ex-Confederate states to return to the union, if a majority of voters took an oath denying that they supported the Confederacy.
Lincoln's Plan of Amnesty and Reconstruction - Definition
It decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by Emancipation.
15th Amendment - Significance
It is significant because it gave blacks, both former slaves and free blacks the right to vote. However African Americans still had problems voting in the South which led to the Civil Rights Movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Lincoln's Plan of Amnesty and Reconstruction - Significance
Lincoln wanted to end the war quickly.
Samuel Tilden - D
New York's governor who immediately targeted the corruption of the Grant administration and the despotism of republican reconstruction.
Carpetbaggers - S
Northerners that moved South looking for a better living.
Carpetbaggers - D
Northerners who went to the South during Reconstruction to make money. The men were so poor that they could stuff all of their belongings in a single carpet-sided suitcase.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton - S
She helped organize the world's first women's rights convention in 1848, and formed the National Women's Loyal League with Susan B. Anthony in 1863.
Civil Rights Act of 1866 - S
The act boldly required the end of racial discrimination in state laws and represented and extraordinary expansion of black rights and federal authority
Black Codes - S
The codes sought to keep ex-slaves subordinate to whites by subjecting them to every sort of discrimination. At the core of the black codes, however, lay the matter of labor. Faced with the end of slavery, legislators sought to force the freedmen back to work on their plantations.
14th Amendment - Significance
This basically means that you have to apply the law to everyone. It is an expansion of the fifth amendment, and was intended to override the Dred Scott v. Sanford decision of 1858 which stated that African-Americans were not entitled to basic civil rights.
General Carl Schurz - Definition
Union Army General in the American Civil War
"Shermanland" - D
William Sherman set aside part of the coast south of Charleston for black settlement.
Freedmen's Bureau - Definition
a federal agency, formed to aid and protect the newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War. Established by an act of Mar. 3, 1865, under the name "bureau of refugees, freedmen, and abandoned lands," it was to function for one year after the close of the war.
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 - D
divided the ten unreconstructed Confederate states into five military districts
Civil Rights Act of 1875 - S
federal authorities never enforced the law aggressively
The Compromise of 1877 - D
informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era.
Sharecropping - D
is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.
Freedmen's Bureau - Significance
it helped former slaves get educated, jobs, and taught them how to vote.
Ulysses S. Grant - S
led the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War.
The Ku Klux Klan Act - D
made interference with voting a felony
The Slaughter House Cases - D
one of a group of cases decided by the Supreme Court of the U.S. establishing that the police power of the states is not impaired by the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.
Redeemers - S
sought to end Republican controlled state governments as well as remove African Americans from political positions and restrict their overall right to equality.
The Civil Rights Cases - D
state-sponsored discrimination and could not reach discrimination practiced by privately owned places of public accommodation.
Wade-Davis Bill - D
the bill made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy.
Civil Rights Act of 1866 - D
to nullify the black codes by affirming African americans rights to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as in enjoyed by white citizens
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
was an American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement.
James T. Rapier - D
was an attorney, a planter and a politician; elected as a United States Representative from Alabama. testified in 1874 for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which guaranteed access to accommodations.
Sharecropping - S
was an important method for plantation owners to maintain their control over agriculture in the Civil War Period/Time.
13th Amendment - Significance
was important because it created a constitutional amendment that banned slavery in ALL of the American states. The Emancipation Proclamation, although frequently credited for abolishing slavery in the United States, only declared slavery illegal in "rebelling" parts of America - so basically within the Confederacy. States fighting for the Union who had slavery systems (Maryland, West Virginia, East Tennessee) were not required to free their slaves.
Scalawag - D
were Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party, after the American Civil War.
Redeemers - D
were an eclectic group of individuals comprised of wealthy businessmen, farmers and merchants. This was an all-white, pro-Democratic Party group sought to end Republican controlled state governments as well as remove African Americans from political positions and restrict their overall right to equality.
Civil Rights Act of 1875 - D
which boldly outlawed racial discrimination in transportation, public accommodations, and juries.