CHAPTER 17-20

The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918): a. were the first federal restrictions on free speech since 1798. b. drew mostly from similar language in state law. c. came after strong public calls for a more "defensible democracy." d. copied similar legislation from Germany, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. e. were put on the books, but never applied.

a. were the first federal restrictions on free speech since 1798.

Journalists who worked for newspapers like William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal, which sensationalized events to sell papers, were called: a. yellow journalists. b. trustees. c. social reformers. d. muckrakers. e. freelancers.

a. yellow journalists.

The image of big business, carefully cultivated during the 1920s, collapsed as congressional investigations revealed massive irregularities among bankers and stockbrokers. True False

True

Twenty thousand unemployed World War I veterans descended on Washington in the spring of 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus due in 1945. True False

True

Woodrow Wilson was the first president to try and influence public opinion by holding regular press conferences. True False

True

What did the term "white man's burden" mean? a. Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization. b. Imperialism required long absences from friends and family back home. c. The only way to ensure American victory in the Philippine War was for white soldiers to accept black fighters into their ranks. d. It was a tongue-in-cheek reference coined by Mark Twain to describe American troop atrocities against Filipinos.

a. Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization.

Which statement about the Spanish-American War is true? a. The war lasted only four months and resulted in fewer than 400 U.S. battle casualties. b. Congress indicated that it was going to war to annex Cuba. c. The war came as little surprise given the fact that William McKinley campaigned in 1896 on a platform favoring imperial expansion. d. Admiral Dewey secured Manila Bay by defeating the Spanish in a bloody three-day battle. e. The treaty that ended the war granted U.S. citizenship to the peoples of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

a. The war lasted only four months and resulted in fewer than 400 U.S. battle casualties.

Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s? a. Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom. b. Soldiers returning from the war identified the modest comfort of a cigarette with American freedom. c. For African-Americans in northern cities, cigarette smoking was an expression of a new and freer urban lifestyle. d. By smoking American brand cigarettes, immigrants could embrace American culture and leave behind the stigma of their ethnicity. e. The prohibition of tobacco in many states made smoking an open act of rebellion.

a. Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.

During his presidency, Woodrow Wilson: a. dismissed numerous black federal employees. b. banned the showing of the movie Birth of a Nation at the White House. c. outlawed discrimination in federal agencies. d. appointed several black judges. e. built on his civil rights record as governor of Virginia.

a. dismissed numerous black federal employees.

The flapper: a. epitomized the change in standards of sexual behavior. b. represented a new political movement. c. represented a new economic radicalism. d. disapproved of smoking. e. demanded a return to earlier standards of behavior.

a. epitomized the change in standards of sexual behavior.

The automobile. a. spurred growth in other industries such as tourism and steel production. b. was actually not affordable to the vast majority of Americans until the 1930s. c. limited the expansion of most other sectors of the American economy in the 1920s, due to U.S. manufacturers' focus on outpacing the rest of the world in its production. d. exacerbated the divide between rural and urban America in the 1920s.

a. spurred growth in other industries such as tourism and steel production.

Eugenics is: a. the study of the supposed mental characteristics of different races. b. the movement toward colonization in Africa by blacks from the United States. c. the practice of using poison gas by the Germans during World War I. d. the socialist strategy of infiltrating labor unions in the United States. e. the genetic modification of human behavior.

a. the study of the supposed mental characteristics of different races.

As president, Theodore Roosevelt was persuaded by Gifford Pinchot to refrain from setting aside millions of acres of federal land as wildlife preserves. True False

False

In the early twentieth century, the Ku Klux Klan reemerged in the South, targeting only blacks. True False

False

The stock market crash caused the Great Depression. True False

False

American expansionism after the 1890s: a. was largely driven by the desire for expanded overseas trade. b. was hampered by the continued U.S. observance of the Monroe Doctrine. c. had little to do with American consumer demand for foreign products. d. severely depressed the nation's agricultural and industrial production.

a. was largely driven by the desire for expanded overseas trade.

What broad popular sentiments did the Ku Klux Klan express in the 1920s? a. African-Americans and immigrants should not be allowed to vote. b. Prohibition should only be applied to non-whites. c. Control of the nation should be returned to native-born Protestants. d. Southern states should never quit their fight for complete home rule. e. Women's suffrage was a violation of natural law and needed to be repealed.

c. Control of the nation should be returned to native-born Protestants.

How did 1920s immigration policy reflect the concept of "race" in the United States? a. American Indians were denied citizenship based on a biological definition of "inferiority in race." b. Non-whites were excluded in the calculation of immigration quotas. c. The Supreme Court ruled in 1923 that Indian national, Bhagat Singh, was black, not "pure Aryan" as he claimed. d. Southern and eastern Europeans were granted citizenship if they could prove their "whiteness."

c. The Supreme Court ruled in 1923 that Indian national, Bhagat Singh, was black, not "pure Aryan" as he claimed.

How did black women challenge the racial ideology of the Jim Crow South? a. They formed their own secret militant organization. b. They used their positions in domestic service for sabotage, pilfering, and revenge. c. They insisted on the equal respectability of black women by working for "racial uplift." d. They stressed the supremacy of their men to counter claims that black families lacked patriarchal order. e. African-American women's organizations established gun clubs and shooting ranges to improve their skills at self-defense.

c. They insisted on the equal respectability of black women by working for "racial uplift."

The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act was: a. Henry George. b. Theodore Dreiser. c. Upton Sinclair. d. Ida Tarbell. e. Lincoln Steffens.

c. Upton Sinclair.

During World War I, the federal government: a. intervened minimally in the economy. b. encouraged farmers only to produce for American consumption. c. increased corporate and individual income taxes. d. pursued a laissez-faire economic policy. e. established the minimum wage and the eight-hour day.

c. increased corporate and individual income taxes.

The Zimmermann Telegram: a. helped assure Americans that Germany was not a threat. b. clarified British war aims. c. outlined the German plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico. d. outlined the British plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico. e. outlined the Fourteen Points.

c. outlined the German plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico.

The Committee on Public Information: a. was directed by William Jennings Bryan. b. protected civil liberties. c. was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion. d. was affiliated with the Socialist Party. e. was limited in its efforts.

c. was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion.

How did mass consumption in the Progressive era result in new consumer freedoms? a. Farmers in the heartland had more time and money to attend nickelodeon shows. b. Department stores provided city residents access to electric washing machines and vacuum cleaners. c. Mass-produced radios were able to advertise the availability of new factory products. d. A and B only e. None of these answers.

d. A and B only

How was American life different in the 1920s than in the years prior? a. In this new era of consumerism, Americans drank more heavily. b. Women's suffrage led to a new wave of political activism among both women and men. c. The strict standards of morality imposed by the fundamentalist revival meant that Americans had less sex. d. Although Americans worked hard in an increasingly industrial world, they also enjoyed more vacations. e. Interracial marriages became far more common in this more urban and modern society.

d. Although Americans worked hard in an increasingly industrial world, they also enjoyed more vacations.

Which of the following best describes the moral imperialism propounded by President Woodrow Wilson? a. It relied on the principle of racial equality. b. It rejected military intervention as a barbaric tool of inferior races. c. It effectively meant the complete withdrawal from foreign affairs at the beginning of American isolationism. d. It created an irony with regard to the concept of freedom. e. Wilson opposed out of principle any military action that could jeopardize the health and welfare of American soldiers.

d. It created an irony with regard to the concept of freedom.

Why were Americans divided over the outbreak of the Great War? a. The American public wanted to join the conflict, but Congress remained opposed to any intervention. b. Irish-Americans and Russian Jews resented Allied powers Great Britain and Russia, while some American reformers lobbied against the war in the name of social justice and peace. c. Some Americans welcomed the military buildup that would accompany American involvement, others worried about large tax increases. d. Democrats hoped to shore up support for Wilson's re-election as a "war president," while Republicans objected to "foreign entanglements."

b. Irish-Americans and Russian Jews resented Allied powers Great Britain and Russia, while some American reformers lobbied against the war in the name of social justice and peace.

In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington: a. called for political equality. b. encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation. c. opposed vocational education for blacks. d. fought against segregation. e. continued the abolitionist political tradition.

b. encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation.

In the 1920s, movies, radios, and phonographs: a. were all out of reach of most consumers. b. helped create and spread a new celebrity culture. c. were not yet available. d. appealed only to women. e. were only available in urban areas.

b. helped create and spread a new celebrity culture.

Plessy v. Ferguson: a. was a unanimous decision. b. sanctioned racial segregation. c. voided the Thirteenth Amendment. d. limited the hours that women could legally work. e. was fully supported by Booker T. Washington

b. sanctioned racial segregation.

By the end of the nineteenth century, African-American men in the South: a. were limited to holding local offices. b. were forced out of politics and passed leadership to female African-American activists. c. continued to hold elective office with no restrictions. d. joined the Democratic Party. e. supported the redrawing of congressional district lines.

b. were forced out of politics and passed leadership to female African-American activists.

Newspaper and magazine writers who exposed the ills of industrial and urban life, fueling the Progressive movement, were known as: a. yellow journalists. b. trustees. c. social reformers. d. muckrakers. e. freelancers.

d. muckrakers.

President Hoover responded to the onset of the Depression by: a. immediately increasing government aid to the unemployed. b. cutting taxes. c. decreasing tariffs. d. reassuring Americans that "the tide had turned." e. resigning from office.

d. reassuring Americans that "the tide had turned."

In reaction to the Great Depression, Americans. a. prevented farm goods from getting to market in the Midwest. b. who had fought in World War I marched on Washington, D.C. to demand early payment of a promised bonus. c. enlisted in the Army in record numbers to secure "three squares" a day. d. rushed to the defense of big business and blamed communism for the disaster. e. A and B

e. A and B

The Sacco-Vanzetti case: a. revealed the power of the Massachusetts governor to intervene in controversial criminal cases. b. for Italian-Americans, symbolized the strength of nativist prejudices in America. c. played out in an atmosphere of fierce anti-radicalism in the United States. d. engendered widespread support for repealing recent anti-immigration legislation. e. B and C

e. B and C

Why did World War I transform Western civilization so profoundly? a. The bitter war between the peaceful neighbors of Germany, France, and Britain shook the popular conceptions of politics deeply. b. Since a vast majority of victims were civilians, the war forever changed public perceptions on the acceptability of military conflict. c. As a global conflict between socialist nations on the one hand and monarchies on the other, the war signaled the ideological divisions of the twentieth century. d. The war generated an economic boom in Europe and the United States that marked the beginning of the "roaring twenties." e. The mass slaughter of World War I was hard to reconcile with the optimist claim that Western civilization was the triumph of reason and human progress.

e. The mass slaughter of World War I was hard to reconcile with the optimist claim that Western civilization was the triumph of reason and human progress.

In the 1920s, employers embraced the American Plan, which: a. was developed by the Communist Party. b. was another term for Americanization. c. was applauded by the American Federation of Labor. d. advocated government regulation of business. e. advocated the "open shop."

e. advocated the "open shop."

Most new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century: a. learned English immediately. b. planned to remain in the United States temporarily. c. generally earned lower wages in America than in their former homelands. d. dominated skilled and supervisory jobs. e. lived in close-knit communities.

e. lived in close-knit communities.

What about Woodrow Wilson appeared to Theodore Roosevelt's supporters like a relic of the past? a. In his speeches, Wilson spoke about "waiving the bloody shirt" and invoked the divisions of the Civil War. b. Wilson frequently reminded Americans of the noble goals of the populist movement of the 1890s. c. Wilson spoke too much about the mistakes he thought Republicans had made in the past, such as the annexation of the Philippines. d. Wilson was committed to programs that aided small businessmen and seemed to deny the inevitability of economic concentration. e. Wilson's wife and many children made him look rural and unsophisticated, in contrast to the urban-based supporters of Roosevelt.

d. Wilson was committed to programs that aided small businessmen and seemed to deny the inevitability of economic concentration.

American farmers in the 1920s a. managed to remain in business due to time-saving mechanization. b. understood that prices for produce would remain high, despite the end of World War I. c. decreased their output of crops, due to declining demand on the American and overseas market. d. increasingly migrated out of rural areas.

d. increasingly migrated out of rural areas.