Chapter 17 Assignment

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas? Glucagon Pancreatic polypeptide Pancreatic lipase Insulin Somatostatin

Insulin

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood? Water-soluble hormone Autocrine hormone Lipid-soluble hormone Oligopeptide

Lipid-soluble hormone

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland? Cortisol Insulin Melanin Oxytocin Melatonin

Melatonin

What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland? Stimulate metabolism of lipids Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids Act as secondary sex hormones Stimulate metabolism of proteins Regulate glucose levels in the blood

Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids

Where is the pituitary gland located? Within the third ventricle of the brain Between the cerebrum and cerebellum, inferior to the occipital lobe On the tracheal surface, inferior to the larynx On the posterior surface of the thyroid gland Within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults can cause pituitary dwarfism. pituitary gigantism. acromegaly. Cushing syndrome. Graves disease.

acromegaly

Glucagon and insulin work ________ on blood glucose levels. antagonistically permissively synergistically

antagonistically

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary are synthesized in the anterior pituitary and are transported to and from the posterior pituitary by the primary and secondary plexus. are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and released by the anterior pituitary by way of the hypophyseal portal system. are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive. are synthesized there and are released upon signals from the anterior pituitary.

are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from polypeptides. glycerol. amines. cholesterol. nucleic acids.

cholesterol.

Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by humoral stimulation. hormonal stimulation. neural stimulation. positive feedback stimulation.

humoral stimulation.

The part of the brain that functions as a "master control center" of the endocrine system is the cerebral cortex. hypothalamus. pineal gland. spinal cord. adrenal cortex.

hypothalamus.

Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones. The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to increase. remain unchanged. decrease.

increase.

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has more widespread and long-lasting effects. more widespread and short-term effects. more localized and long-lasting effects. more localized and short-term effects.

more widespread and long-lasting effects

In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by somatic regulation. endocrine dysplasia. negative feedback. neural regulation. positive feedback.

negative feedback.

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are prolactin and vasopressin. follicle-stimulating hormone and leutenizing hormone. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. thyrotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone. prolactin and growth hormone.

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

When a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating ________ signaling. paracrine autocrine allomone pheromone

paracrine

When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be permissive. synergistic. antagonistic. agonistic.

synergistic.

When the effects of water-soluble hormones on their target cells are considered, the hormone itself is the second messenger. the hormone-response element. the first messenger. the phospholipase. the G protein.

the first messenger.

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone? Mammary glands Hair follicles Uterus Ovaries and testes Thyroid follicles

Ovaries and testes

Which hormones are collectively called the gonadotropins? Thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin Follicle-stimulating hormone and growth hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone Prolactin and oxytocin

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

The term down-regulation refers to the process by which a carrier protein increases the rate of degradation for a hormone and thereby decreases its blood concentration. a glandular cell decreases the amount of hormone it secretes. a large amount of hormone shuts down all metabolic activity in a target cell. a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone. a carrier protein decreases the rate of degradation of the protein it ferries.

a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone.

Lipid-soluble hormones, such as progesterone, exert their effects by forming hormone-receptor complexes that open ion channels in the cell membrane. activate a G protein and second-messenger cascade. bind to DNA and initiate transcription. activate adenylate cyclase.

bind to DNA and initiate transcription.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary. thymus and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the posterior pituitary. parathyroid hormone and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. anterior pituitary and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland.

hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.

Thyroid hormone's effects are to increase metabolic rate and body temperature by turning off the G protein, cAMP cascade. increase metabolic rate and body temperature by increasing protein synthesis in target cells. decrease metabolic rate and body temperature by increasing protein synthesis in target cells. decrease metabolic rate and body temperature by turning on the G protein, cAMP cascade. increase metabolic rate and body temperature by turning on the G protein, cAMP cascade.

increase metabolic rate and body temperature by increasing protein synthesis in target cells.

Reduced hormone concentration in the blood often causes target cells to down-regulate receptors in order to decrease cell sensitivity. down-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity. up-regulate receptors in order to decrease cell sensitivity. up-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity.

up-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity.