CHAPTER 17 MCQB + TORTORA

a nerve is a structure that may contain

-axons -blood vessels -C.T. -myelin

main plexuses fromed by the anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves are

-cervical -brachial -lumbar -sacral

supplied by the lumbar plexus

-external genitals -anterolateral abdominal wall -portions of lower extremity

roots of spinal nerves make up the cauda equina

-lumbar -sacral -coccygeal

gray matter of the spinal cord

-subdivided -> regions -> horns -surrounded by white matter -contains neuronal cell bodies

sciatic nerve is composed of

-tibial nerve -common fibular (peroneal)

which of the following nerves arise from the brachial plexus

-ulnar nerve -median nerve -axillary nerve -musculocutaneous nerve -radial nerve

spinal cord is protected by

-vertebral column -meninges -cerebrospinal fluid

____ pairs of spinal nerves -pairs of cervical -pairs of thoracic -pairs of lumbar -pairs of sacral -pair of coccygeal spinal nerves

31s, 8c, 12t, 5L, 5S, 1co

T or F? anterior gray horn contains both somatic & autonomic motor neuron cell bodies

F. anterior gray horn - somatic & autonomic

T or F? epineurium is the innermost C.T. covering

F. epineurium - innermost

T or F? lumbar enlargement is a bulge in the spinal cord at L1-L5

F. lumbar enlargement NOT bulge L1-L5

T or F? thoracic enlargement is a bulge in the spinal cord containing cell bodies of motor neurons supplying the upper limb

F. thoracic enlargement - bulge - motor neurons - upper limbs

white commissure connects the R and L halves of gray matter in the spinal cord

F. white commissure - R & L - gray matter spinal

the spinal cord in adult normally extends to which vertebral level?

L2

T or F? denticular ligaments are an extension of pia matter, which attach it to arachnoid mater

T. denticular - extension pia matter - arachnoid matter

T or F? posterior median sulcus is a shallow groove on the dorsal side of the spinal cord

T. posterior median sulcus - shallow groove - dorsal spinal cord

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It: a) arises from the lumbar plexus. b) splits at about the level of the knee into tibial and common fibular nerves. c) is the largest nerve in the body. d) sends branches to the hamstring muscles.

a. arises from lumbar plexus

muscles by obturator nerve

adductor muscles of thigh

branch that forms nerves serving limbs

anterior (ventral) rami

spinal nerves T2-T12 differ from all other spinal nerves in that

anterior (ventral) rami DON'T contribute to a plexus

motor neurons that supply skeletal muscles have cell bodies in ____ gray horns of the spinal cord, and their axons exit the cord via a/an ____ root

anterior (ventral); anterior (ventral)

subarachnoid space

between arachnoid mater - pia mater

axillary nerve arise from

brachial - axillary

long thoracic nerve arise from

brachial - long thoracic nerve

ulnar nerve arise from

brachial - ulnar

Which of the following is NOT a branch of a spinal nerve? a) ramus communicans (plural: rami communicantes) b) meningeal branch c) lateral ramus d) anterior (ventral) ramus

c. lateral ramus

great auricular nerve arise from

cervical - great auricular nerve

phrenic nerve arise from

cervical - phrenic nerve

the ___ plexus serves the skin & muscles of the head, neck, and superior part of shoulders & chest

cervical plexus

arachnoid matter

consists of collagen & elastic fiber networks; no blood vessels

pia mater

contains blood vessels that supply O2 & nutrients -> spinal cord

Which of the following statements is FALSE for spinal nerves? a) The two largest branches of a spinal nerve are the anterior (ventral) ramus and the posterior (dorsal) ramus. b) All spinal nerves are mixed nerves. c) The outer covering of a spinal nerve is the epineurium. d) Every pair of spinal nerves exits through the intervertebral foramina above the vertebra that has the same name and number as the nerves.

d) Every pair of spinal nerves exits through the intervertebral foramina above the vertebra that has the same name and number as the nerves.

served by axillary nerve

deltoid muscle

pattern of sensory nerve distribution of the skin of the body is called

dermatomes

served by phrenic nerve

diaphragm

two main routes for sensory info traveling DOWN spinal cord -> brain are ____ pathways and ____ pathways

direct pathways; indirect pathways (DOWN)

C.T. covers unmyelinated/myelinated axons

endoneurium

C.T. cover nerves

epineurium

muscles by femoral nerve

extensor muscle of knee joint

inferior extension of the pia matter that anchors spinal cord to coccyx is called

filum terminale - inferior extension pia - spinal cord x coccyx

served by median nerve

flexors of the wrist

muscles by tibial nerve

gastrocnemius & solemus muscles

muscles by inferior gluteal nerve

gluteus maximus

central canal of the spinal cord is located in the center of the

gray comissure (central canal)

motor impulses that help maintain muscle tone & posture are conveyed from the brain through spinal cord by the

indirect pathways

peripheral nerves - responsible for cutaneous sensation from the skin of the anterior abdominal wall as well as motor innervation to anterior abdominal wall muscles

intercostal (thoracic) nerves

sense of pain & temperature are conveyed to the brain by

lateral spinothalamic tracts

femoral nerve arise from

lumbar - femoral nerve

iliohypogastric nerve arise from

lumbar - iliohypogastric

adult spinal cord extends from the ___ of the brain inferiorly to the superior border of the ____ lumbar verterbra

medulla oblongata; second

C.T. surrounds brain & spinal cord

meninges

dura matter

meninx closet to the bone of the vertebral column

NOT a correct description of location of brachial plexus

passes above 1st rib posterior to the clavicle - NOT brachial plexus

C.T. covers fascicles

perineurium

nerve from the cervical plexus causes contraction of the diaphragm?

phrenic

contain cell bodies of interneurons

posterior (dorsal) gray horns (cell bodies of interneurons)

spinal nerve ramus has branches that serve deep muscles and skin of the back

posterior (dorsal) rami

contains sensory info ONLY

posterior (dorsal) root

contain cell bodies of sensory neuron

posterior (dorsal) root GANGLIA

in lab you examine a nervous system tissue slide and identify SATELLITE cells around UNIPOLAR neuron cell bodies. which classification would be correct?

posterior (dorsal) root ganglion of PNS

NOT a correct description of location of lumbar plexus

posterior to the quadratus lumborum muscle - NOT lumbar plexus

epidural space

protection cushion of fat and C.T.

almost all spinal reflexes are ____ in their function

protective

has branches that belong to the sympathetic nervous system

rami communicantes

pudendal nerve arise from

sacral - pudendal

superior gluteal nerve ariser from

sacral - superior gluteal nerve

typical reflex in correct order

sensory receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center -motor neuron - effector

pathway for a reflex arc

sensory receptor -> sensory neuron -> integrating center -> motor neuron -> effector

effector for a somatic reflex

skeletal muscle

served by supraclavicular nerve

skin of superior portion of chest & shoulder

for autonomic reflex

smooth/cardiac muscle, gland

structures connect CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands in all parts of the body. WHAT are they called?

spinal nerves

two main routes for sensory info traveling UP spinal cord -> brain are ____ tracts and ____ columns

spinothalamic tracts, posterior columns (UP)

cerebrospinal fluid found between 2 layers of meninges, in a space called _____

subarachnoide space - cerebrospinal fluid

white matter of the spinal cord

subdivided into regions called horns

conus medullaris

tapering end of the spinal cord INFERIOR to lumbar enlargement

lateral gray horns are present in ALL segments of the ___ region of the spinal cord

thoracic - lateral gray horns - spinal cord

sciatic nerve is made of

tibial and common fibular

muscles by common fibular nerve

tibialis anterior & fibular (peroneal) muscles

served by radial nerve

triceps brachii