Chapter 17 'Political culture and the media'

Glasnost

'openness' 'transparency'. The liberalization of controls over political expression and the media

Bourgeois Ideology

A Marxist term denoting ideas and theories that serve the interests of the bourgeoisie by disguising the contradictions of capitalist society

Presidentialization

A growing emphasis on personal leadership, in line with the role and powers of an executive president.

Civic culture

A set of specific attitudes which are crucial to the success of modern democracies.

Postmaterialism

A theory that explains the nature of political concerns and values in terms of levels of economic development

Celebrity politics

Either or both the cultivation of "celebrityhood" by elected politicians or interventions by stars of popular culture into the political domain

Communitarianism

The belief that the self or person is constituted through the community, in the sense that individuals are shaped by the communities to which they belong and thus owe them a debt or respect and consideration.

Political socialization

The process through which individuals in a society acquire political attitudes, views, and knowledge, based on inputs from family, schools, the media, and others.

cultural globalization

The process whereby information, commodities and images produced in one part of the world enter into a global flow that tends to "flatten out" cultural differences between nations and regions.

Spatial leadership

The tendency of political leaders to distance themselves from their parties and governments by presenting themselves as "outsiders," or developing their own political stance or ideological position.

'New' media

a generic term for the any different forms of electronic communication made possible through digital or computer technology.

censorship

a policy or act of control over what can be said, written, published or performed in order to suppress what is considered morally or politically unacceptable

Propaganda

information disseminated in deliberate attempt to shape opinion and possible, stimulate political actions

Free press

not controlled or restricted by government censorship in political or ideological matters

polticial culture

people's psychological oriental political culture being the 'pattern of orientations' to political objection such as parties, government, the constitution, expressed in belief symbols and values

Political bias

political views that systematically favor the values or interests of one group over one another as opposed to 'balanced' or 'objective' beliefs

Social capital

refer to social connectives, as represented by networks, norms and trust that promote civic engagement

Hegemony

the ascendancy or domination of one element of a system over others

Mass media

the mass media channel communication towards a large and undifferentiated audience using relatively advanced technology

Spin

the presentation of information as as to elicit a desired response, or being 'economical with the truth'

e-democracy

the use of computer-based technologies to enhance citizens engagement in democratic prosess

Hacktivism

the use of computers-based and computer networks to achieve political ends by methods including 'denial-of-service' attacks on targeted websites