Chapter 17 Practice Test

Inflation and commercialization in the West produced a group of people without access to producing property called the

Proletariat

Besides France, where else did absolute monarchy develop during the period 1450 to 1750?

Prussia

Which of the following was NOT typical of the commercial revolution of the 16th century?

Significant reduction in prices encouraging consumer spending

Which of the following states fell back from European ascendancy following the religious wars?

Spain

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of manufacturing in the later 18th century?

The 18th century witnessed a rapid spread of household production of textiles and metal products, mostly by rural workers who alternated manufacturing with some agriculture.

What monarch is associated with the establishment of enlightened despotism in Prussia in the middle of the 18th century?

frederick the great

The Edict of Nantes, issued in France in 1598,

granted toleration to Protestant Huguenots and helped end the French civil wars of religion.

Which of the following was NOT a basic principle of the Enlightenment?

if people were not controlled, general social decline was inevitable

Which of the following descriptions most accurately defines mercantilism?

mercantilism held that gov. should promote the internal economy in order to improve tax revenues and to limit imports from other nations

What was one of the primary differences between the Northern and Italian Renaissances?

northern humanists focused more on religion than their italian renaissance

What was the European-style family pattern that emerged in the 15th century?

nuclear families, late marriage age

Which of the following changes associated with treatment of children was associated with the Enlightenment?

parents became more interested in freer movement and greater interaction for young children

Which of the following was NOT a religious proposition advanced by Martin Luther?

priests should practice celibacy

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a change in popular mentality as a result of the Protestant Reformation?

protestants and catholics considered the family in more positive terms, not simply as an institution necessary because of human lust.

Which of the following lists the major developments of Western civilization in proper sequence?

renaissance, protestant reformation, absolute monarchy, enlightenment

Adam Smith's economic theory advocated

that gov. avoid regulation in favor of the operation of individual initiative and market forces

John Harvey was responsible for what discovery during the Scientific Revolution

the circular movement of blood in animals

All of the following were typical of 16th century absolute monarchy EXCEPT

the destruction of provincial councils

In 1733, John Kay of England introduced

the flying shuttle to automate weaving

Johannes Gutenberg was responsible for

the invention of movable type in the west

In characterizing the period from 1450 to 1750 in the West, which of the following statements is NOT accurate?

what was once an agricultural society had become a predominantly manufacturing economy

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the view of Deists?

while there may be a divinity, its role is only to set natural laws in motion

The average Western peasant or artisan owned about how many times more "things" than his or her counterpart in southeastern Europe?

10

By the 16th century, at what age did most Europeans marry?

25-27

Which of the following was a Western response to the commercial revolution of the 16th century that was proletarian in outlook?

A wave of popular protests resulting in uprisings caused by social tensions

What was the church established by Henry VIII in England?

Anglican

Which of the following statements concerning mid-18th-century Western society is most accurate?

Agricultural changes, commercialism, and manufacturing had combined to produce a rapidly growing population in the West.

Which of the following states stood apart from the trend toward absolute monarchy in the 17th century and retained a parliamentary regime?

Britain

Who used astronomical observation and mathematical calculation to disprove the Hellenistic belief that the Earth was the center of the universe?

Copernicus

What was the political impact of Calvinism?

Calvinists sought the participation of all believers in church administration, which encouraged the idea of wider access to government.

The aftermath of the Scientific Revolution spilled over into a new intellectual movement in the 18th century called the

Enlightenment

Which of the following accounts in part for the decline of the Italian Renaissance circa 1500?

French and Spanish monarch invaded the peninsula, cutting down on political independence.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the reason Luther picked up widespread support among the German elite?

German princes who turned Protestant could increase their independence from the emperor, seize the church lands, and control the church in their territories.

Which of the following was NOT a participant in the 15th-century Italian Renaissance?

Giotto

Which of the following statements concerning Italian humanism is most accurate?

Humanists focused on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor

What new religious order was associated with the Catholic Reformation?

Jesuits

The monarch most associated with absolute monarchy was

Louis XIV of France

Which of the following reasons suggests why common people supported the Lutheran Reformation?

Lutheranism sanctioned money-making and other earthly pursuits more wholeheartedly than did traditional Catholicism

Who is generally credited with initiating the Protestant Reformation in 1517?

Martin Luther

How did agriculture change in the late 17th century?

New technology and better stock breeding methods resulted in higher productivity

The theological foundation of Jean Calvin's Protestantism was

Predestination

What was Isaac Newton's work published in 1687 that drew various theories together into a framework of natural laws?

Principia

Which of the following areas was NOT successfully defended by the Catholic Reformation?

The Netherlands

Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT accurate?

The Renaissance failed to develop any new ideas concerning political organization.

How did the Western view of science compare with that of other civilizations?

The West was not alone in developing crucial scientific data, but its thinkers were the only ones to see science in broader philosophical terms as central to intellectual life

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Thirty Years War?

The treaty that ended the war estb Spain as the principal power of Western Europe

Which of the following was NOT an impact of the Renaissance on politics and commerce?

Under humanist influence, wars among italian city-states became less frequent and violent

The religious wars that followed the Protestant Reformation led generally to

a limited acceptance of the idea of religious pluralism

What determined the age of marriage for many people in Europe?

access to real property

By 1750, the strands of commercial, cultural, and political changes in Europe had combined to create

an unusual version of an agricultural civilization