Chapter 17 Quiz & Test
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions.
plasmin --> fibrin-digesting enzyme prothrombin activator--> generates thrombin platelet-derived growth --> stimulates blood vessel healing thrombin --> converts fibrinogen to fibrin heparin --> inhibits coagulation
Which of the following is a protective function of blood? preventing infection delivering oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target tissues maintaining normal pH in the body maintaining normal body temperature
preventing infection right answer feedback:Blood contains antibodies, complement proteins, and white blood cells that protect the body against foreign invaders.
Which of the following statements about platelets is INCORRECT? Platelets are essential for the clotting process. The life span of platelets is between 30 and 60 days. Platelets contain serotonin, ADP, calcium, and PDGF. The formation of platelets is regulated by the hormone thrombopoietin. Platelets are fragments of a larger cell called a megakaryocyte.
The life span of platelets is between 30 and 60 days. right answer feedback:The life span of platelets is between 5 and 10 days.
Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on making RBCs very efficient oxygen transporters? They represent most of the formed elements in the blood. They carry 20% of the carbon dioxide released by tissues back to the lungs. They don't contain a nucleus. They generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry.
They generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry. right answer feedback:Because RBCs generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry, they are very efficient oxygen carriers.
Which of the following substances is responsible for limiting a platelet plug to the immediate area of damage? thromboxane A2 prostacyclin serotonin adenosine diphosphate
prostacyclin right answer feedback:Prostacyclin limits the platelet plug to the immediate damaged area.
Erythropoiesis is best defined as __________. albumin production platelet production red blood cell production leukocyte production
red blood cell production wrong answer feedback:Erythropoiesis is the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Leukopoiesis is the production of leukocytes (white blood cells).
The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to __________. thrombocytes platelets red blood cells leukocytes white blood cells
red blood cells right answer feedback:RBCs are biconcave to create more surface area, which is efficient for gas transport, and are anucleate.
Individuals with malaria have a better chance of surviving the infection if they have which type of anemia? aplastic anemia iron-deficiency anemia hemorrhagic anemia sickle-cell anemia renal anemia
sickle-cell anemia right answer feedback:Sickling of RBCs infected with malaria reduces the parasites' ability to survive and enhances macrophages' ability to destroy the infected RBCs and the parasites they contain.
Aging red blood cells are fragmented and trapped in the __________. spleen intestines liver kidneys
spleen wrong answer feedback:Because RBCs lack a nucleus, they are unable to repair themselves upon being damaged. This leads to a short lifespan for these cells. The spleen has fine capillaries in it that serve to test the structural soundness of RBCs. If the erythrocytes are damaged, they will be broken up and trapped in the capillaries of the spleen. For this reason the spleen is sometimes called the "red blood cell graveyard."
Pernicious anemia may result from __________. abnormal production of hemoglobin caused by genetic defect rupture of red blood cells caused by parasites excessive bleeding the absence or depressed synthesis of globin chains the lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or a deficiency of the intrinsic factor needed to absorb vitamin B12
the lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or a deficiency of the intrinsic factor needed to absorb vitamin B12 right answer feedback:Pernicious anemia is caused either by absence of vitamin B12 in the diet or by a deficiency of intrinsic factor (necessary to absorb vitamin B12).
Diapedesis refers to __________. the chemical attraction leukocytes use to reach the site of tissue damage the movement of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces the engulfing of foreign bodies by leukocytes the type of movement erythrocytes use in the tissue spaces the secretion of chemicals that trigger the inflammatory process
the movement of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces right answer feedback:To protect the body from foreign invasion, WBCs need to leave circulation and move out of capillary vessels into tissue space, a process called diapedesis.
The process of actively metabolizing oxygen by neutrophils to produce bleach and hydrogen to kill bacteria is known as __________. chemotaxis diapedesis amoeboid movement the respiratory burst
the respiratory burst right answer feedback:The respiratory burst is the process of actively metabolizing oxygen to produce bleach and hydrogen peroxide to kill bacteria.
right answer feedback:Rh incompatibility between an Rh- mother and her Rh+ baby during pregnancy would cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
thrombus right answer feedback:A thrombus is a stationary clot that may occlude circulation and lead to death of the surrounding tissue.
Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes? to carry oxygen to destroy virus-containing cells to regulate pH to maintain body temperature to produce albumin
to destroy virus-containing cells to destroy virus-containing cells
Which of the following is a function of neutrophils? to release histamine and other mediators of inflammation to seal small tears in blood vessels to mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies to kill parasitic worms to phagocytize bacteria
to phagocytize bacteria Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria.
Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes? to release histamine to phagocytize bacteria to mount immune response to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to kill parasitic worms
to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide right answer feedback:RBCs (erythrocytes) transport respiratory gases.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of hemostasis from start to end? vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, coagulation coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation wrong answer feedback:Hemostasis leads to stoppage of bleeding. The hemostasis response is fast, localized, and controlled. It involves clotting factors and substances released by damaged tissue and platelets. The first step in hemostasis is vascular spasm. The vascular spasm response is followed by platelet plug formation and then coagulation (blood clotting).
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions.
would make antibodies to the A antigen but not the B antigen --> person with type B blood would have type A and B antigens --> person with type AB blood would make antibodies to the B antigen but not the A antigen --> person with type A blood would make antibodies to the A and B antigens Item --> person with type O blood
Choose the true statement about fetal hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin is produced until the baby is one year old. Fetal hemoglobin is called hemoglobin A. Fetal hemoglobin contains four alpha chains.
Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin. wrong answer feedback:Fetal hemoglobin (hemoglobin F) is different from adult hemoglobin (hemoglobin A). Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin. This is due to the unique structure of hemoglobin F. Hemoglobin F has two alpha and two gamma chains, compared to the two alpha and two beta chains seen in adult hemoglobin. Soon after birth, hemoglobin F is replaced by hemoglobin A.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte? It has mitochondria. It has a nucleus. It is composed mostly of albumin and water. It has a biconcave disc shape.
It has a biconcave disc shape. wrong answer feedback:Mature RBCs (red blood cells) are shaped like biconcave discs. They lack a nucleus, mitochondria, and most organelles. They are little more than "bags" of hemoglobin, the RBC protein that functions in gas transport.
Which of the following is NOT a role of albumin? It acts as a carrier molecule. It serves an immune system function. It acts as a blood buffer. It contributes to plasma osmotic pressure.
It serves an immune system function. wrong answer feedback:Albumin is the primary protein found in plasma. It constitutes about 60% of plasma protein. It has a significant role in regulating plasma osmotic pressure. It also acts as a carrier protein and a blood buffer. Albumin is not an immunological protein.
Mast cells are most similar to which type of leukocyte? eosinophils neurtrophils basophils monocytes lymphocytes
basophils right answer feedback:Although arising from different cell lines, granulated mast cells are similar to basophils.
Which leukocytes contain histamine in their granules? eosinophils lymphocytes neutrophils monocytes basophils
basophils right answer feedback:The granules in basophils contain histamine.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is made primarily by the __________. kidneys spleen pituitary gland pancreas
kidneys wrong answer feedback:The kidneys make erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production when blood oxygen levels drop below normal.
Overproduction of white blood cells is called __________. leukopoiesis leukocytosis polycythemia leukopenia
leukocytosis wrong answer feedback:Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of white blood cells. In contrast, leukocytosis is characterized by an increase in white blood cell numbers as a normal response to infection. Leukopoiesis is the production of white blood cells. Polycythemia is an abnormally high number of erythrocytes.
Platelets are derived from __________. band cells megakaryocytes lymphocytes monocytes
megakaryocytes wrong answer feedback:Platelets (or thrombocytes) are derived from megakaryocytes. Platelet formation is regulated by thrombopoietin. Band cells are formed as a step in granulocyte formation.
Granulocytes do NOT include __________. neutrophils PMNs basophils monocytes eosinophils
monocytes right answer feedback:Monocytes lack granules in their cytoplasm and are agranulocytes.
Which antibodies would be found in the serum of a person with AB blood? anti-A antibodies anti-B antibodies both anti-B and anti-A antibodies neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies feedback:A person with AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.
The most numerous leukocyte is the __________. basophil neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte eosinophil
neutrophil right answer feedback:Neutrophils make up 50-70% of the leukocyte population.
A patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop __________. sickle-cell anemia aplastic anemia hemorrhagic anemia pernicious anemia
pernicious anemia wrong answer feedback:Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia will develop when a lack of intrinsic factor leads to a B12 deficiency. Aplastic anemia results from damage to or inhibition of the red bone marrow. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by defective hemoglobin. A person who has suffered excessive blood loss would exhibit hemorrhagic anemia.
A healthy adult male has approximately __________ liters of blood. 1-2 2-3 3-4 5-6 7-8
5-6 right answer feedback:The average volume of circulating blood is approximately 5-6 liters in males and approximately 4-5 liters in females.
Which of the following is considered a type of lymphocyte? macrophage B cell neutrophil basophil
B cell wrong answer feedback:Lymphocytes are specialized leukocytes. Lymphocytes include T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.
Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the __________ Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs. D C K E
D right answer feedback:Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the D Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs.
Which of the following is true regarding the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting? The extrinsic pathway is independent of procoagulants. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor. The extrinsic pathway does not involve calcium ions. The extrinsic pathway is slower than the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting.
The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor. wrong answer feedback:There are two pathways for blood clotting: the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Both pathways require calcium ions and procoagulants. They both lead to the production of prothrombin activator. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic blood clotting cascades can be triggered by tissue damage; however, the extrinsic pathway utilizes tissue factor, while the intrinsic pathway does not. Another difference between these cascades is that the extrinsic pathway is faster than the intrinsic pathway.
The buffy coat that appears after a sample of blood has been centrifuged contains __________. WBCs and platelets serum plasma RBCs
WBCs and platelets right answer feedback:The buffy coat that appears between the plasma and the RBCs in a centrifuged blood sample is composed of WBCs and platelets.
Which property do white blood cells (WBCs) have in common? All WBCs are granulocytes. WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function. All WBCs have a phagocytic function. WBCs transport oxygen.
WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function. right answer feedback:WBCs retain their nuclei and help protect the body against foreign invaders.
Mature red blood cells in the circulating blood are filled primarily with __________. lysosomes mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum hemoglobin molecules nuclei
hemoglobin molecules right answer feedback:Red blood cells are filled primarily with hemoglobin molecules.
The percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the __________. hemostat buffy coat hematocrit blood volume
hematocrit wrong answer feedback:The buffy coat consists of white blood cells and platelets. The hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in a given blood sample.
A major plasma protein that maintains the blood osmotic pressure is __________. fibrinogen albumin angiotensinogen globulin fibrin
albumin right answer feedback:Albumin constitutes 60% of plasma protein and primarily functions in maintaining water balance between blood and body tissues.
Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by __________. an increase in the number of erythrocytes in the newborn a loss of blood by the fetus a malfunction of the thymus during fetal development an Rh incompatibility between an Rh- mother and her Rh+ baby during pregnancy
an Rh incompatibility between an Rh- mother and her Rh+ baby during pregnancy right answer feedback:Rh incompatibility between an Rh- mother and her Rh+ baby during pregnancy would cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
Blood type is determined by __________. antibodies present in the plasma antigens present on the surface of erythrocytes antigens present in the plasma antibodies present on the surface of erythrocytes
antigens present on the surface of erythrocytes wrong answer feedback:Blood type is determined by antigens (agglutinogens) present on the surface of erythrocytes. The type of antigens present on the RBC surface is genetically determined.
Which type of anemia results from the destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by drugs, chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses? aplastic anemia renal anemia iron-deficiency anemia pernicious anemia
aplastic anemia right answer feedback:Aplastic anemia results from the destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by drugs, chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses.
Another term for reduced hemoglobin is __________. oxyhemoglobin hemoglobin S carbaminohemoglobin deoxyhemoglobin
deoxyhemoglobin right answer feedback:Another term for reduced hemoglobin is deoxyhemoglobin (hemoglobin poor in oxygen).
The migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels is called __________. active transport leukocytosis transcytosis diapedesis
diapedesis wrong answer feedback:The migration of white blood cells out of the blood vessels is called diapedesis. Leukocytosis is an increase in leukocyte count. Transcytosis is the movement of a substance across a cell layer. Active transport is a means of moving a substance into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient.
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions. Using the drop-down menus, match each numbered item on the left with a lettered item on the right. eosinophil neutrophil basophil lymphocyte macrophage - highly phagocytic cell with a U- or kidney-shaped nucleus - bilobed nucleus and dark-staining cytoplasmic granules - small agranulocyte with a lifespan that ranges from a few hours to decades - has a role in killing parasitic worms - the most numerous type of white blood cell
eosinophil --> has a role in killing parasitic worms neutrophil --> the most numerous type of white blood cell basophil --> bilobed nucleus and dark-staining cytoplasmic granules lymphocyte --> small agranulocyte with a lifespan that ranges from a few hours to decades macrophage --> highly phagocytic cell with a U- or kidney-shaped nucleus
Which of the following types of white blood cells kills parasitic worms and plays a role in the body's response to allergens and asthma? basophils monocytes eosinophils lymphocytes neutrophils
eosinophils right answer feedback:Eosinophils kill parasitic worms and play a role in the body's response to allergens and asthma.
A free-floating blood clot is called a thrombus. True False
false wrong answer feedback:A free-floating blood clot is an embolus. A thrombus can detach from a vessel and become an embolus.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh+ woman is pregnant with an Rh- baby. True False
false wrong answer feedback:Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ fetus. HDN is unlikely to develop in an Rh- female's first pregnancy with an Rh+ baby. However, HDN can develop in a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ baby.
The final step in clot formation is __________. formation of prothrombin activator the release of chemical by platelets fibrinogen → fibrin platelet plug formation prothrombin → thrombin
fibrinogen → fibrin right answer feedback:The conversion of soluble plasma fibrinogen into an insoluble fibrin completes the clotting process.
One molecule of hemoglobin can bind a maximum of __________ oxygen molecules. two four six eight
four wrong answer feedback:Hemoglobin is made of four protein chains and four heme groups. Each heme group is able to bind one molecule of oxygen; this means that each hemoglobin molecule can bind a maximum of four oxygen molecules.
The percentage of total volume used to determine the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample is referred to as the __________. hematocrit red blood cell count ESR reticulocyte count
hematocrit feedback:The percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood is referred to as the hematocrit.