chapter 17: The Enlightenment and the American Revolution
Why was the American victory in the 1777 Battle of Saratoga significant?
France was persuaded to join the Americans.
Which foreign nations came to the aid of the Americans during the American Revolution?
France, Spain, and the Netherlands
Where did the British war effort finally collapse?
Yorktown, Virginia
During the Enlightenment, the ideas from the Middle Ages were done away with because
they seemed unscientific and irrational.
Why did Parliament pass the Navigation Acts in the 1600s?
to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
Which book is Mary Wollstonecraft known for?
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
What difficulty did some women have with the philosophes' ideas?
The philosophes' slogan, "free and equal," did not apply to women.
Who is the author of Leviathan?
Thomas Hobbes
__________ was a philosopher, scientist, publisher, legislator, and diplomat.
Benjamin Franklin
Who described the era of the 1700s as "enlightened"?
Immanuel Kant
"My trade is to say what I think." Who said this?
Voltaire
Which term describes the love of, or the search for, wisdom or knowledge?
philosophy
The nation's first constitution was known as the
Articles of Confederation.
Why did the American colonists resent British rule?
Britain imposed high taxes and controlled trade.
__________ toyed with implementing Enlightenment ideas while ruling Russia.
Catherine the Great
Rulers who did accept some of the new ideas of the Enlightenment, but who continued to hold tremendous power, were called
Enlightened despots.
Who were the physiocrats?
French thinkers who focused on economics
Who ruled Austria during the Age of Enlightenment, ending censorship and abolishing serfdom during his reign?
Joseph II
How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau's beliefs differ from many Enlightenment thinkers?
Rousseau believed the good of the community as a whole was most important.
How did the French government react to the publication of the first Encyclopedia?
The French government argued that it was an attack on public morals.
Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
After signing which of the following documents did Great Britain recognize the independence of the United States?
Treaty of Paris
Which phrase best describes the principle of popular sovereignty?
all government power comes from the people
Governments used __________ to protect themselves from the attacks of Enlightenment thinkers.
censorship
Physiocrats rejected mercantilism in favor of a policy of
laissez faire
According to laissez-faire economist Adam Smith, a government should
let free market forces drive the economy.
Which phrase best describes the rococo style?
lighter, elegant, and charming artistic style of the Enlightenment
Which phrase best describes the concept of natural law?
rules discoverable by reason
section 1
section 1
section 2
section 2
section 3
section 3
Which group of people did Montesquieu's ideas affect most?
the Framers of the U.S. Constitution
What event revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment?
the Scientific Revolution