Chapter 18: Dietary Assessments and Body Testing

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein?

10 to 35%

Which document serves as a resource for health professionals and describes healthy diets that may help prevent diet-related chronic diseases?

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group is known as which of the following?

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Body Mass Index (BMI) does which of the following in order to provide information about the body?

Report body mass while also taking height into account.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that adults do not consume more than how much sodium per day?

2,300 mg

Match each body compartment model with its definition. To begin, click an item in the left column. Then, click the matching answer in the column on the right.

2-Compartment Model : Often separates fat mass, and fat mass free and are most common 3-Compartment Model : Includes fat, water and "residual" compartments 4-Compartment Model : Separates body weight into fat mass, water, bone, and residual

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fats?

20 to 35%

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?

45 to 65%

Which of the following is considered a true "gold standard" method of body composition assessment?

A 4-compartment model

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans survey What We Eat in America has identified that the current food and beverage intake in the United States does not align with a research-supported healthy eating pattern. What are some of the survey results that have been identified that a client would want to know? Check all that apply.

About three-fourths of the population has an eating pattern that is low in vegetables, fruits, dairy, and oils. More than half of the population is meeting or exceeding total grain and protein foods recommendations but are not meeting the recommendations for the subgroups (i.e. whole grains and seafood) within each of these food groups. Most Americans exceed the recommendations for added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium. The eating patterns of many are too high in calories, as demonstrated by the high percentage of the population that is overweight or obese.

The recommended average daily intake level when an RDA value cannot be determined is known as which of the following?

Adequate Intake (AI)

What are the recommended calorie ranges for adult men and women? Choose the correct range for both, adult men and women.

Adult Women - 1,600-2,400 calories/day Adult Men - 2,000-3,000 calories/day

Which body-composition assessment method involves the estimation of the 3-dimensional volume of the body through measurement of an individual's displacement of air while they sit in a sealed chamber?

Air displacement plethysmography

Of the following methods, which estimate body-composition based on the 3-dimensional volume of the body?

Air displacement plethysmography and underwater weighing

Some clients may not want to have their fat pinched when assessing their body fat percentages using the skinfold method. What would be the best alternative method used while keeping practicality and cost in mind?

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

Of the following methods, which estimate body-composition based on how easily small electrical currents travel through the body?

Bioelectrical impedance analysis and bioimpedance spectroscopy

Match the Macronutrient with their acceptable macronutrient distribution range as stated by NIH's Dietary Reference Intakes. To begin, click an item in the left column. Then, click the matching answer in the column on the right.

Carbohydrates : 45-65% Protein : 10-35% Fat : 25-35%

It is important to realize and convey to clients that recommendations may change over time based on emerging research and findings. However, it is important not to do what when educating your clients on recommendations set by these nutrition guideline governing bodies?

Do not discount established nutrition recommendations and have been based on substantial research.

Of the options provided, which body composition assessment method has the highest accuracy?

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

When comparing different body composition assessment methods, it is important to weigh the cost and practicality of each methods, in addition to accuracy. However, if cost and practicality was not a factor, which method would provide the client the most accurate body composition results?

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Which body composition assessment method measures whole-body and regional (arms, legs, and trunk) body composition using low-energy x-rays?

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Which of the following is defined as the regular food and beverage intake of an individual over time?

Eating pattern

Based on the national food survey called What We Eat in America, about 75% of the United States population has an eating pattern that is low in which of the following?

Fruits

When having a client fill out a usual intake worksheet to determine regular eating patterns, what it one strategy that Nutrition Coaches can use to minimize the occurrence of recording a client's unpredictable eating habits?`

Have a client complete the usual intake worksheet on normal weekdays as well as weekends.

When administering a 24-hour recall with a client, what are some are steps recommended by the NHANES Dietary Interviewer Procedures Manual to help maximize a client's recall accuracy? Check all that apply.

Have them write down a quick list without focusing on the details. Discuss any forgotten foods by listing out often overlooked categories such as alcohol, snacks, etc. Ask about their schedule and the events that unfolded throughout their day, identifying what, when, and where they consumed food. Have them describe their foods they eat; what they looked like, portion size, etc. Review the completed recall for completeness with them to double check for accuracy.

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of a 24-hour recall?

It begins by making a quick list of foods and beverages consumed by the client.

Which of the following is true in regards to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein?

It is sometimes criticized for being too low.

A food can be described as nutrient-dense if it has which characteristic?

It provides a large amount of vitamins and minerals per calorie.

Which of the following is true about the number of calories an individual needs to consume each day?

It varies based on body size and sex.

Due to the inherent errors of each body composition assessment method, it is important to do which of the following?

Perform multiple composition methods to minimize error.

There are many food frequency questionnaires that have surfaced. However, the purpose and use of these questionnaires have not. When having a client complete a food frequency questionnaire, it is important to understand results will not yield which of the following?

Precise information on intake of specific nutrients

Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) describes the average daily nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group?

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

The amount of energy (i.e., number of calories) an individual uses at rest in order to sustain basic processes in the body is known as the which of the following?

Resting metabolic rate

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide which of the following beverage intake recommendations?

Shift to healthier choices by limiting beverages with added sugar.

Which body-composition assessment method relies on the thickness of the fat layer under the skin to estimate body composition?

Skinfolds

The highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population is known as which of the following?

Tolerable Upper Limit (UL)

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting the consumption of certain food groups in the general population. Which of the following is one of groups that should be limited?

Trans fats

Which body-composition assessment method uses high-frequency sound waves emitted by a probe to visualize different parts of the body?

Ultrasound

When choosing a body composition assessment method for a client, which questions should a Nutrition Coach ask themselves before deciding? Check all that apply.

What's the purpose of assessing my client's body composition? How important is accuracy to the client's needs and goals? How often will body composition need to be assessed? Where should the body composition assessments take place? How important is cost to the Nutrition Coach and the client?