Chapter 18

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium.

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?

regurgitation back into the right atrium

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

16, left atrium.

List the phases of the cardiac cycle.

atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

coronary

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

heart

The ________ separate(s) the two atria.

interatrial septum

Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

Damage to the semilunar valve on the right side of the heart would affect blood flow to which vessel?

pulmonary trunk

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in any of the following except

pulmonary valve stenosis.

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except that it

pumps a greater volume

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because

the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called

trabeculae carneae.

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid valve

The inferior point of the heart is called the

Apex

Define cardiac regurgitation.

Cardiac regurgitation is the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract.

Why is it important that cardiac tissue contain many mitochondria and capillaries?

Cardiac tissue is metabolically active and dependent on mitochondrial activity to use aerobic respiration to generate ATP and capillaries provide the oxygen and nutrients for this process.

Describe the heart's location in the body.

The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm.

When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber

decreases

Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except

diabetes

Compare the volume of blood each circuit receives from contraction of the ventricles.

Both circuits receive the same volume of blood.

Describe the location and position of the heart.

The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum.

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle?

The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit.