Chapter 18 : Peritoneum, Noncardiac, Chest, and Invasive Procedures

_____________ term best describes an intraperitoneal collection of anechoic-free fluid ?

A. Ascities - Is an abnormal collection of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

_____________ invasive procedures removes a small piece of tissue for microscopic analysis ?

A. Biopsy - Is the removal of a small piece of living tissue for micorscopic analysis

____________ structures has the potential to seal off infections within the peritoneal cavity ?

A. Greater omentum - Is a double-fold of peritoneum attached at the greater curvature of the stomach and superior portion of the duodenum it covers the transverse colon and small intestines.

Peritoneal ascities is a common complication in ______________ conditions ?

A. Malignancy - Usually has to do with a metastasis and can cause abdominal distention

Failure of the mesentery to fuse is a congenital anomaly associated with development of a _____________ ?

A. Omental cyst - Is a congenital failure of the mesetery to fuse is usually caused by trauma and can be asymptomatic.

The prevesical space is located in ____________ regions ?

A. Pelvis - The prevesicle or retropubic space is located anterior to the urinary bladder and posterior to the symphisis pubis. Aka : Retzius

A delicate serous membrane composed of a visceral and a parietal layer best describes the _____________ ?

A. Pleura - It covers the lungs and has a low sensitivity to pain, and the parietal pleura lines the chest wall and has a high sensitivity to pain.

The inferior portion of the peritoneum is formed by ____________ structures ?

A. Pouch of Douglas - Is a pouch formed by the inferior portion of the parieatl peritoneum.

______________ organs lie within the peritoneum ?

A. Spleen -

_____________ structures is located within the right coronary ligament ?

B. Bare area -

The subphrenic space is divided into right and left sides by the _______________ ?

B. Falciform ligament - It divides the left and right subphernic spaces by the falciform ligament.

____________ acoustic windows is generally used in noncardiac imaging of the chest ?

B. Intercostal - Is the best way to image organs because they are a good window.

Omental cysts generally develop adjacent to ____________ structures ?

B. Pancreas and stomach - Is a congential failure of the mesentery to fuse can be caused by trauma and can be asymptomatic

On ultrasound, visualization of a biopsy needle is obtained in a plane ______________ ?

B. Parallel with the needle path

______________ structures lines the abdominal cavity ?

B. Peritoneum - A serous membrane containing lymphatics, vessels, fat and nerves.

_______________ terms is most likely used to describe the sonographic appearance of mesenteric lymphomatous ?

B. Sandwich sign - Is a lymphoma and is found more frequently with non-Hodkin;s lymphoma it can look like a mass contaning a central echogenic target.

A patient is most commonly placed in ___________ positions during a thorocentisis procedure ?

B. Sitting

____________ patient positions is utilized for a paracentesis procedure ?

B. Supine

_____________ peritoneal spaces is located anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder ?

B. Vesicouterine -

Chylus ascites is most commonly associated with ____________ abnormalities ?

C. Abdominal neoplasm -

The peritoneum is described as extending from the ____________ to the ______________ ?

C. Diaphragm to the deep pelvic recesses - It extends from the anterior abdominal wall to the retroperitoneum and paraspinal tissues.

An accumulation of fluid and pus in the peritoneal cavity describes ______________ ?

C. Exudative ascites - Is an accumulation of fluid, pus, or serum in the peritoneal cavity, is most commonly associated with inflammation or trauma

Hemothorax is best described as an accumulation of _______________ ?

C. Fluid and blood in the pleural cavity - Is an accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity. Is usually caused by a trauma.

A decrease in hematocrit is most consistent with ____________ conditions ?

C. Hemorrhage - With a hemorrhage the person is bleeding profusely and so the hematocrit decreases.

____________ structures encloses the inferior esophagus ?

C. Lesser omentum - Is the membranous extension from the portal fissure to the diaphragm.

________________ fluid collections is typically located medial to a renal transplant ?

C. Lymphocele -Is a complication of a renal transplant or vascular, urological, or gynecological surgery.

Hemoperitoneum may be associated with ___________ conditions ?

C. Necrotic neoplasm -Is a surgery that can lead to a ruptured blood vessel and can result from trauma, fistulas, or necrotic neoplasm.

____________ peritoneal spaces is located lateral to the intestines ?

C. Paracolic gutter - Are located lateral to the colon and serve as a conduits for fluid between the deep pelvis and upper abdomen.

______________ peritoneal spaces serves as a conduit between the upper abdominal cavity and pelvis ?

C. Paracolic gutters - They are located in morisons pouch, and communicates with the right paracolic gutter.

_____________ functions is considered the responsibility of the peritoneum ?

C. Secretion of serous fluid to reduce organ friction - Is an extensive serous membrane lining the entire abdominal wall. Is composed of two layers: parietal and visceral.

_____________ invasive procedures accomplishes withdrawal of fluid from the abdominal cavity ?

D. Paracentesis - Is a cannula or catheter is passed into the abdominal cavity to allow outflow of fluid into a collecting device.

________________ is a predisposing condition associated with the development of a pleural effusion ?

D. Congestive Heart Failure - Has to do with infection or cardiovascular disease and trauma.

A thin needle is used to obtain tissue samples in _____________ invasive procedures ?

D. Fine-needle aspiration

The lesser omentum is also known as the ___________ ?

D. Gastrohepatic omentum -

An apron of peritoneum covering the small intestines describes the _______________ ?

D. Greater Omentum - Is a transparant double fold of peritoneum that spreads like an apron inferiorly to cover most of the abdominopelvic cavity. Keeps the small intestines warm.

A patient arrives by ambulance to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. On ultrasound, a large hypoechoic fluid collection is identified in the left subphrenic space. On the basis of the clinical history, this fluid collection most likely represents ___________ ?

D. Hemoperitoneum - Can result from a surgery or ruptured blood vessel and can be caused by trauma, and can have abdominal pain, or decrease in hematocrit.

The lungs are seperated into hemispheres by _____________ structures ?

D. Pleural membrane - The pleural membranes seperate the two lungs from each other.

When localizing a fluid collection for a paracentesis procedure, the sonographer must ____________ ?

D. Remain perpendicular to the floor - You must align the transducer to the floor because that is how the body lies.

Free fluid most commonly accumulates in ____________ peritoneal spaces ?

D. Subhepatic space - Is the site for fluid collection.

The lesser sac communicates with the subhepatic space through the foramen of ______________ ?

D. Winslow - Extends from the inferior border of the liver to a deep recess anterior to the right kidney and is the most common site for fluid collection.