Chapter 18 psych - Quizzes 1 & 2 -

Driving to school on a snowy day, Kourtney misses hitting a car that slide through a RED light. (Slow Down, What a terrible driver) Moments later Kourtney slips through an interaction and says "WOW, These roads are awful." What social psychology principle is Kourtney demonstrating?

By attributing the other's behavior to the person (he's a terrible driver)and her own situations as (these roads are awful), Kourtney is exhibiting the FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR.

Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts is a central feature of

GRIT

You are organizing a town hall meeting of political candidates. Friends suggested handing out masks to candidates faces for supporters to wear. What phenomenon might these masks engage?

The ANONYMITY provided by masks, combined with the AROUSAL of the contentious setting might create DE-INDIVIDUALISM. Less self awareness and less restraint.

Why didn't anybody help Kitty Genovese? What social relations principle did this incident illustrate?

The incident illustrated the BYSTANDER EFFECT. This occurs because, the presence of others, an individual is less likely to notice a situation, correctly interpret it as an emergency and then take responsibility to help.

When Hutu militia began to slaughter the Tutsi in 1994, missionary Carl Wilkens risked his own life to save the lives of others. His actions best illustrated

alturism

Research participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his or her face or shook his or her foot were observed to do the same thing themselves. This best illustrated

chameleon effect

Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite having doubts about her competence

cognitive dissonance theory

lthough Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of

equity

Bart complied with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates the

foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their

frequency of dating

When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates

group polarization.

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for

harmony

Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate

in group bias

though the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates a. deindividuation.

mirror-image perceptions.

After extensive exposure to X-rated sexual films, men are subsequently ________ accepting of women's sexual submission to men and _______ likely to perceive a woman's friendliness as sexual interest.

more; more

In a study of social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students tugged hardest when they thought

no others were pulling with them

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of

normative social influence.

Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when

participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers.

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of

role-playing on attitude

Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her health club much faster when other patrons happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates

social facilitation.

Max fails to recycle his glass, metal, and plastic garbage because he thinks it's personally inconvenient and likely to have minimal impact on the city's already overflowing landfills. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics of

social trap

he hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of their river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of

superordinate goals.

Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in

the bystander effect.

Shortly after Alex learned that he had failed to make the high school football team, he vandalized the team's locker room and broke several classroom windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of

the frustration-aggression principle.

Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates

the fundamental attribution error

When visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian was said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." This reaction is best explained in terms of

the just-world phenomenon.

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of

the mere exposure effect

After Mrs. Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy some, even though they seemed unreasonably expensive. Her reaction best illustrates the significance of

the reciprocity norm.

Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for

the scapegoat theory.

Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love?

two factor theory emotions have two ingredients physical arousal plus cognitive appraisal

The fundamental attribution error involves

underestimating situational constraints on another's behavior.

Participants in Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of

aggression

Although Frieda is typically very reserved, as part of a huge rock concert crowd she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a very sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of

deindividuation.