Chapter 18 Science Review

Entropy is closely related to the

2nd law of thermodynamics

A quantity of water has more energy when it is

Boiling

When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in

Both temperature and internal energy

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the

Conservation of energy

Blow on your hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker your lips so your breath expands as you blow and your breath is

Cooler

More efficient gasoline engines can be built if

Materials are developed that can withstand higher temperatures

During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas

No heat s supplied to or removed from the gas

A temperature inversion occurs when the upper layers of air are

Warmer than the lower regions of air

The greater the difference in temperature between the input reservoir and the output reservoir for a heat engine, the

Greater the efficiency

To wholly convert a given amount of heat energy into mechanical energy is

Impossible regardless of the technique used.

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy

Increases

The lowest temperature possible in nature is

-273 degrees C

Two identical blocks of iron, on at 10 degrees C and the other at 20 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warmer block warms to 25 degrees C. This would violate the

2nd law of thermodynamics

One hundred joules of heat is added to a system that performs 60 joules of work. The internal energy change of the system is

40J

A heat engine would have 100% efficiency if it's input reservoir were

Any finite temperature if the exhaust sink were at absolute zero

Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an eggbeater. The temperature of the eggs will

Increase

As a blob of air at a high elevation sinks to a lower elevation with no heat input or output, it's temperature

Increases

Suppose the temperature of the input reservoir in a heat engine doesn't change. As the sink temperature is lowered, the efficiency of the engine

Increases

Suppose you put a closed sealed can of air on a hot stove burner. The contained air will undergo an increase in

Internal energy, temperature and pressure

Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of

More entropy