chapter 19

How many kcal/g does 1 g of alcohol provide?

7 kcal/g

The nurse makes nutrition a focus in the care plan. Where does nutrition play the most important role?

Health maintenance

To demonstrate the energy-producing potential of different foods, the nurse explains that 3 g of lean meat produces 12 kcal/g. How many kcal/g does 3 g of fish oil produce?

27 kcal/g

The body mass index (BMI) of a man 6 ft tall weighing 250 lb is

33.9

What is the term for stored fat that insulates the body and serves as a cushion to protect organs?

Adipose tissue

The nurse is explaining the activity recommendations from the USDA's new MyPlate plan. What is the minimum amount of moderate weekly exercise needed to balance nutritional intake?

2 hours and 30 minutes

The nurse is educating a patient on a vegan diet. What supplement will the nurse encourage this patient to take to avoid a deficiency?

B12

When discussing the digestion and metabolism of fat, the nurse tells the patient who has a history of cholecystitis and who is on a low-fat diet that fat must be emulsified to be digested. What is the substance necessary for emulsification?

Bile

Careful attention to carbohydrate consumption can improve metabolic control of diabetes. The nurse teaches a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten at a meal. What is this meal planning approach called?

Carbohydrate counting

Which are the energy-providing food groups?

Carbohydrates Fats Proteins

A patient who has hypertension is complaining about the lack of taste with the low-sodium diet that has been prescribed. What should the nurse emphasize that sodium may do?

Contribute to hypertension.

What has replaced the USDA's Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

The patient who had a gastrostomy complains to the nurse about frequent episodes of dumping syndrome. What can the nurse recommend to this patient to decrease this problem?

Eat small, frequent meals.

The nurse recognizes that when a patient is unable to consume adequate nutrition by mouth, an alternative route such as a feeding ostomy may be used. What is the proper term for feeding a patient by this method?

Enteral

The body uses 22 common amino acids, but 9 of them must be obtained from protein in the diet. What are these proteins considered?

Essential

What are elements that are found in food and necessary for good health but that the body cannot make?

Essential nutrients

The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations. What should the nurse assess for indications of vitamin toxicity?

Fatigue

At approximately 4 to 6 months of age, solid food is introduced to a baby. What foods with high iron content should be recommended by the nurse?

Fortified cereals

What is the body's storage form of carbohydrates, usually found in the liver with some storage in the muscles?

Glycogen

The nurse explains that a patient with a heart problem should follow a decreased sodium diet. What will this diet help reduce the risk for or prevent?

Heart attacks

The nurse cautions a patient with a pancreatic disorder that will interfere with the digestion of fats and may lead to a clotting disorder. What is the cause of these potential problems?

Inability to use vitamin K

A school nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about adequate nutrition. What increased intake should the nurse encourage?

Iron and calcium

A nurse caring for a patient who is prescribed a full-liquid diet recognizes that this diet lacks some nutrients. What nutrients are lacking?

Iron and fiber

The nurse has assessed a patient's body mass index (BMI) to be 19.6. This assessment of weight versus height indicates that this patient's weight category is in which category?

Low health risk

The nurse reminds the male patient with lactose intolerance that he can avoid the unpleasant symptoms of nausea, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea, if he will avoid certain foods. What product should the patient be instructed to avoid?

Milk

When reviewing a patient's dietary intake, the nurse recommends that sugar consumption be reduced to the recommended daily level. What is this level?

No more than 8% of total daily kilocalories

The young woman who is breastfeeding will need an increase of calories and protein. What foods should the nurse suggest as sources of protein?

Nuts

The home health nurse is caring for a patient that has undergone removal of a part of the stomach. For what should the nurse carefully assess this patient?

Pernicious anemia

A patient taking a diuretic is assessed by the nurse as having an erratic pulse and muscle weakness. What should the nurse suspect is deficient?

Potassium

A patient diagnosed with renal failure is unable to excrete protein waste products and develops a condition that requires a protein-restricted diet. The nurse instructs the patient that azotemia can be diminished by substituting other food groups for protein. What is an example of a food that this patient can substitute for protein?

Potatoes

The nurse is counseling a patient about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. What should the nurse stress that patients with type 2 diabetes are required to receive on a daily basis?

Regular carbohydrate-controlled meals

What is a nursing intervention to decrease the thirst of a patient who is on a fluid restriction?

Sucking on occasional ice chips

The nurse is providing information about high cholesterol levels. What is the rationale for avoiding saturated fats?

They increase blood cholesterol.

The nurse teaches a patient who has a nonfunctioning or dysfunctional GI tract that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) will be infused. Where will the infusion occur?

Through the superior vena cava

The nurse is educating a group of high school students regarding nutrition. How should the nurse respond when the students ask what occurs when protein, mineral, iron, and fat combine?

Tissue is built and repaired.

A fit, young woman was at zero nitrogen balance. The nurse discovers that this patient is now pregnant with her first child. For what is this patient at risk?

catabolism

Insoluble _____________________ softens stools, speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract, and reduces pressure in the colon.

fiber

To simplify food values, the measurement of energy obtained by food is defined as the

kilocalorie