Chapter 19

Which of the following is true concerning the heart conduction system? A. Action potentials pass slowly through the ventricular wall. B. Action potentials pass slowly through the Purkinje fibers. C. Action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular bundle. D. Action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular node.

D. Action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular node.

Which of the following is not true for ventricular systole? The semilunar valves open. The ventricles contract. The atrioventricular valves close. The ventricles relax. Blood flows through the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

The ventricles relax.

Action potentials are carried by the Purkinje fibers from the bundle branches to the ventricular walls. True False

True

The general function of the cardiovascular system is to transport blood throughout the body to allow the exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood of capillaries and body cells, through the continual pumping action of the heart and vessels. True False

True

The ventricles begin to fill during ventricular diastole. True False

True

Cell-to-cell junctions, called intercalated discs, contain distinct structural features called gap junctions and desmosomes. T-tubules. myofilaments. branching.

desmosomes.

The wall of the __________ is much thicker than any other chamber in the heart which allows for stronger contractions to pump blood through the systemic circulation. left ventricle right ventricle left atrium right atrium

left ventricle

The wall of the __________ is much thicker than any other chamber in the heart which allows for stronger contractions to pump blood through the systemic circulation. left ventricle right ventricle right atrium left atrium

left ventricle

In the right atrium, the auricle and anterior wall exhibit obvious muscular ridges called papillary muscles. interventricular muscles. auricular muscles. pectinate muscles.

pectinate muscles

The inner layer of the serosal pericardium is a thin, transparent layer of simple squamous epithelium called the __________ pericardium. parietal visceral serous fibrous

visceral

Oxygen-poor blood enters which chamber of the heart? Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Right atrium

Right atrium

Left ventricular contraction propels blood through which valve? Right atrioventricular (mitral) valve Pulmonary valve Left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve Aortic valve

Aortic valve

Which of the following is not true for ventricular systole? The ventricles contract. The ventricles relax. The semilunar valves open. Blood flows through the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The atrioventricular valves close.

The ventricles relax.

Serous fluid secreted by both the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium, and released into the pericardial cavity, lubricates the membranes and facilitates the almost frictionless movement of the heart when it beats. True False

True

The action potential travels along the interventricular septum to the apex of the heart, where it then spreads superiorly along the ventricular walls. True False

True

The __________ valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle. bicuspid pulmonary semilunar tricuspid aortic semilunar

tricuspid

The right atrioventricular valve is also called the tricuspid valve. bicuspid valve. left atrioventricular valve. mitral valve.

tricuspid valve.

The atrioventricular valves open during ventricular diastole. atrial systole. ventricular systole. atrial diastole. both atrial and ventricular systole.

ventricular diastole.

The semilunar valves close during atrial systole. ventricular systole. both atrial and ventricular systole. atrial diastole. ventricular diastole.

ventricular diastole.

During which event of the cardiac cycle does aortic pressure reach its maximum? Isovolumetric relaxation Ventricular filling Isovolumetric contraction Ventricular ejection

ventricular ejection

In cardiac muscle, after the plateau phase and at the beginning of replolarization, voltage-gated sodium channels open. voltage-gated potassium channels open. voltage-gated calcium channels open.

voltage-gated potassium channels open.

During the depolarization phase of cardiac muscle voltage-gated potassium channels open. voltage-gated sodium channels open. ligand-gated calcium channels open.

voltage-gated sodium channels open.

Check all of the ways in which the heart chambers are involved in pulmonary circulation. 1. Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium. 2. Oxygenated blood enters the right atrium. 3. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. 4. The left ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. 5. Pulmonary veins pass blood into the left atrium whereas pulmonary arteries carry blood away from the right ventricle. 6. Pulmonary veins pass blood into the right atrium whereas pulmonary arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle.

1. Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium. 3. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. 5. Pulmonary veins pass blood into the left atrium whereas pulmonary arteries carry blood away from the right ventricle.

Check all that are a function of the pericardium. 1. Prevent the heart from bouncing in the thoracic cavity 2. Prevent the heart from overfilling with blood 3. Aid the heart in the strength of contractions 4. Create a frictionless environment through the production of serous fluid

1. Prevent the heart from bouncing in the thoracic cavity 2. Prevent the heart from overfilling with blood 4. Create a frictionless environment through the production of serous fluid

1. Contractions of the heart generate blood pressure, which is responsible for moving blood through the blood vessels. 2. The heart separates the pulmonary and systemic circulations and ensures better oxygenation of the blood flowing to the tissues. 3. The valves of the heart allow blood to flow in different directions through the heart based upon the pressure differences from the pulmonary and systemic circulations. 4. The rate and force of heart contractions change to meet the metabolic needs of the tissues which can vary based on different conditions.

1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True

Check all that are characteristics of cardiac muscle. A. Cells are long and cylindrical. B. Cells are short and branching. C. Cells have multiple nuclei at the periphery of the cell. D. Cells have one or two nuclei in the center of the cell. E. They are composed of thick and thin filaments. F. The functional contractile unit is the sarcomere.

B. Cells are short and branching. D. Cells have one or two nuclei in the center of the cell. E. They are composed of thick and thin filaments. F. The functional contractile unit is the sarcomere.

Atrial contraction accounts for most of the ventricular filling. True False

False

The audible heart sounds are caused by the contraction of the atria and ventricles. True False

False

The only arteries in the body that carry oxygen-poor blood are the coronary arteries. True False

False

True or False: The coronary sinus is a modified vein that collects venous blood from all areas of the heart and drains it directly into the left atrium of the heart.

False

Select all that are coronary veins or any structure associated with coronary veins. Jugular vein Great cardiac vein Coronary sinus Middle cardiac vein

Great cardiac vein Coronary sinus Middle cardiac vein

Given that cardiac output equals ____________, there are only two ways to change it: change the heart rate or change the stroke volume. HR + SV HR/SV None of the choices is correct. HR X SV

HR X SV

During which event of the cardiac cycle do the atria both relax and contract? Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric relaxation Isovolumetric contraction Ventricular filling

Ventricular filling

Referred pain, often down the left shoulder and arm, in response to myocardial ischemia is called angina pectoris. myocardial infarction. ischemic pain. traveling pain.

angina pectoris.

When blood is flowing out of the left ventricle, the bicuspid valve is __________ and the aortic semilunar valve is __________. closed; closed open; closed open; open closed; open

closed; open

The external layer of the heart wall is the endocardium. epicardium. myocardium.

epicardium

Pulmonary arteries carry highly oxygenated blood. True False

false

The pericardium consists of a tough, fibrous connective tissue outer layer called the __________ pericardium. visceral serous parietal fibrous

fibrous

The __________ is a low-pitched sound caused by vibration of the atrioventricular valves and surrounding fluid as the valves close at the beginning of ventricular systole. second heart sound first heart sound third heart sound fourth heart sound

first heart sound

Oxygenated blood flows from the __________ to the __________ before being pumped into the systemic circulation. left atrium; left ventricle right atrium; right ventricle left ventricle; right atrium right atrium; left atrium

left atrium; left ventricle

Oxygenated blood flows from the __________ to the __________ before being pumped into the systemic circulation. left ventricle; right atrium right atrium; right ventricle left atrium; left ventricle right atrium; left atrium

left atrium; left ventricle

1. Thin serous membrane of the outer surface of the heart 2. Thick middle layer of the heart 3. Covers surfaces of the heart valves 4. Composed of cardiac muscle cells 5. The inner surface of the heart 6. Also known as the visceral layer of serosal pericardium

1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium 4. Myocardium 5. Endocardium 6. Epicardium

What are the primary blood vessel types and their functions? Check all that apply. A. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. B. Arteries always carry oxygenated blood. C. Veins carry blood back to the heart. D. Capillaries are the sites of exchange between the blood and the lungs or body cells.

A. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. C. Veins carry blood back to the heart. D. Capillaries are the sites of exchange between the blood and the lungs or body cells.

The sequence of travel by an action potential through the heart is A. atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers. B. sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers. C. Purkinje fibers, atrioventricular bundle, atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, bundle branches. D. atrioventricular bundle, atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.

B. sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.

Check all that occur during ventricular systole. A. The AV valves open to allow blood to enter the ventricles from the atria. B. The semilunar valves remain closed throughout systole to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles. C. The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries. D. The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

C. The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries. D. The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria

How many pulmonary veins are there? Two Three One Four

Four

Left and right coronary arteries are considered ________ end arteries. functional true anastomotic shunt

Functional

During which event of the cardiac cycle do both the atria and ventricles relax? Ventricular filling Isovolumetric relaxation Isovolumetric contraction Ventricular ejection

Isovolumetric relaxation

Which of the following is the region of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located? Pericardial region Hypogastric region Pleura Mediastinum

Mediastinum

What are the structures included in the heart's conduction system Check all that apply. Purkinje fibers Atrioventricular bundle Atrioventricular (AV) node Sinoatrial (SA) node

Purkinje fibers Atrioventricular bundle Atrioventricular (AV) node Sinoatrial (SA) node

The sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as the _____________ of the heart. cardioinhibitor pacemaker conductor Purkinje

pacemaker

The right side of the heart pumps blood through vessels to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through the __________ circulation. coronary systemic pulmonary fetal

pulmonary

The cells of the ___________ act as the heart's pacemaker, which establishes the pace for cardiac activity. Purkinje cells sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle

sinoatrial (SA) node

In the heart, an action potential originates in the Purkinje fibers. atrioventricular bundle. sinoatrial node. atrioventricular node.

sinoatrial node.