Chapter 19:

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. Leukopenia Polycythemia Anemia Thrombocytopenia Leukemia

Anemia

A person with a type A positive blood can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________. A negative A positive O positive B positive

B positive

Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC? monocyte basophil eosinophil neutrophil

basophil

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are neutrophils. monocytes. basophils. lymphocytes. eosinophils.

basophils.

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. The platelet phase Fibrinolysis Coagulation Vascular spasm Retraction

Coagulation

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation? The coagulation pathway would be more sensitive to activation. More blood cells would be produced. Coagulation would be prevented. There would be no important effect because magnesium can substitute for calcium. Coagulation would occur only in Rh positive individuals.

Coagulation would be prevented.

Which of the following does NOT describe the cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? Choose the best answer. The mother is exposed to Rh-positive fetal red blood cells. The mother produces antibodies against the fetal red blood cells. Fetal red blood cell exposure causes an autoimmune response in the mother. Anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells

Fetal red blood cell exposure causes an autoimmune response in the mother

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. Lymphocytes Eosinophils Neutrophils Monocytes Basophils

Monocytes

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if red blood cells bind too much oxygen. hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene. there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. the diet is deficient in iron.

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from an arteriole. a superficial artery. a capillary. the heart. a superficial vein

a superficial vein

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.

activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the release of heparin from the liver. activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. sticking of platelets to each other. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called hemostasis. vascularization. agglutination. areolation. coagulation.

agglutination.

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________. agglutinins; agglutinogens erythrogens; antibiotics T-cells; B-cells serum; plasma agglutinogens; agglutinins

agglutinogens; agglutinins

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? gamma globulin hormone-binding protein steroid-binding protein albumin translipin

albumin

The most abundant plasma protein is hemoglobin. antibodies. fibrinogen. transferrin. albumin.

albumin.

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are globulins. lipoproteins. albumins. fibrinogens. transport protein

albumins.

A digestive disorder that impairs a person's ability to absorb vitamin K will result in low levels of thromboplastin. low levels of prothrombin. low levels of Factor X. prolonged bleeding. All of the answers are correct.

all

An infected wound contains typically contains pus. dead neutrophils. tissue fluids. cellular debris. All of the answers are correct.

all

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the body of vertebrae. iliac crest. sternum and ribs. proximal epiphyses of long bones. All of the answers are correct.

all

The formed elements of blood consist of __________. red blood cells white blood cells platelets all of the listed responses

all

Which of the following is a function of the blood? defense against toxins and pathogens transport of body heat transport of gases transport of nutrients and wastes All of the answers are correct.

all

Which of the following is true of basophils? attract other defense cells granules contain histamine granules contain heparin constitute about 1 percent of WBCs All of the answers are correct.

all

Which of the following statements is true about platelets? Platelets live for less than two weeks. Platelets are not cells. Platelets clump together at a site of injury. The spleen is a storage organ for a large platelet population. All of the answers are correct.

all

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from the heart. a vein. an artery. the lungs. capillaries.

an artery

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect an increased neutrophil count. increased levels of clotting factors. an increased reticulocyte count. an increased platelet count. an increased erythrocyte count.

an increased reticulocyte count.

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma. anti-D anti-B anti-Rh anti-O anti-A

anti-B

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? lymphocytes basophils RBCs antibodies platelets

antibodies

Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is erythroblastosis. aplastic anemia. drug resistance. autoimmune disease. thrombocytopenia.

aplastic anemia.

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she can give blood to other people with Type A blood only. has B antigen on her RBCs. has antibodies to B agglutinogens. makes anti-A without ever having been exposed to Type A blood. can receive blood from other people with Type A blood only

as antibodies to B agglutinogens.

What is the typical lifespan of healthy red blood cells? Like some white blood cells, red blood cells may last a lifetime. 60 days 120 days 6 months

120 days

The average life span of a red blood cell is about 1 year. 1 month. 4 months. many years. 24 hours

4 months

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? 55 percent 30 percent 60 percent 20 percent 45 percent

45 percent

The function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide. carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs. carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells. carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. defend the body against infectious organisms.

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to cause clot dissolution to proceed faster. initiate clot formation. cause clots to form faster. mimic heparin. recruit neutrophils to an infection.

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called diapedesis. hemolysis. vascular spasm. a platelet plug. coagulation.

coagulation.

Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. tiny cells with a polynucleus. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus. red cells that lack a nucleus. blue cells that have a nucleus.

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Eosinophils function in production of surface antigens for red blood cells. destroying antibody-labeled antigens. blood coagulation. antibody production. production of heparin.

destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? develop into plasma cells kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide helper cells are one type often elevated in allergic individuals adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

develop into plasma cells

A moving blood clot is called a(n) procoagulant. thrombus. plaque. embolus. platelet plug.

embolus.

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the monocytes. platelets. lymphocytes. eosinophils. neutrophils.

eosinophils.

Which of the following substances would NOT likely be used as a plasma expander? isotonic saline solutions albumin erythrocytes all of the above

erythrocytes

The process of red blood cell production is called erythropenia. hematopenia. erythropoiesis. hemocytosis. erythrocytosis.

erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone renin. angiotensin. erythropoietin. M-CSF. thymosin.

erythropoietin.

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is immunoglobulin A. fibrinogen. metalloprotein D. lipoprotein C. albumin alpha

fibrinogen.

The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is albumin. hemoglobin. antibodies. transferrin. fibrinogen.

fibrinogen.

A hematocrit provides information on clotting factors. blood type. plasma composition. sedimentation rate. formed elements abundance.

formed elements abundance.

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the plasma. antibodies. clotting factors. formed elements. leukocytes.

formed elements.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the viscosity. packed volume. differential cell count. hematocrit. specific gravity.

hematocrit

What other common blood test would have provided information about the level of formed elements a person has? hematocrit differential hemoglobin plasma analysis

hematocrit

Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? hematocrit — 44 percent RBCs — 5.2 million/µl hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml platelets — 280,000/µl leukocytes — 8600/µl

hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of thrombocytopenia. hemorrhage. acidosis. starvation. anemia.

hemorrhage.

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as hemosiderin. transferrin. hemosiderin and ferritin. hemoglobin. ferritin.

hemosiderin and ferritin.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? hormone that regulates white blood cell formation kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxide adheres to collagen beneath endothelium often elevated in allergic individuals helper cells are one type

hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? steroid-binding apolipoprotein transport albumin metalloprotein hormone-binding

hormone-binding

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be isovolemic. normovolemic. hypovolemic. hypervolemic. antivolemic.

hypovolemic.

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the fibrinogens. albumins. immunoglobulins. metalloproteins. lipoproteins.

immunoglobulins.

Proteins in the blood for defense are called ferritins. fibrinogens. albumins. hemosiderins. immunoglobulins.

immunoglobulins.

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are important in coagulation. granular leukocytes. active in fighting bacterial infections. phagocytic. also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

important in coagulation.

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by oral doses of iron. injections of iron. blood transfusion. injections of vitamin B12. oral doses of vitamin B12.

injections of vitamin B12.

Plasma is closest in composition to isotonic saline solution. CSF. sterile water. interstitial fluid. urine.

interstitial fluid.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of magnesium. calcium. iron. copper. sodium.

iron

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? kidney heart liver brain pancreas

liver

To produce platelets, myeloid stem cells have to differentiate into what kind of cell? progenitor cells reticulocytes blast cells megakaryocyte

megakaryocyte

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes. lymphoblasts. erythroblasts. normoblasts. myeloblasts.

megakaryocytes.

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? metalloprotein hormone-binding protein apolipoprotein steroid-binding protein transport albumin

metalloprotein

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive mother type A+, baby type O+ mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative None of the answers is correct.

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________. lymphocytes basophils neutrophils eosinophils

neutrophils

Which of the following formed elements is not part of this "grainy" group? eosinophils monocytes basophils neutrophils

neutrophils

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of neutrophils. thrombocytes. eosinophils. basophils. reticulocytes.

neutrophils.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the neutrophils. basophils. monocytes. lymphocytes. eosinophils.

neutrophils.

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause pernicious anemia. thrombocytopenia. leukocytosis. jaundice. hemophilia.

pernicious anemia.

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is fibrinase. heparin. thrombin. plasmin. phosphokinase.

plasmin.

The function of platelets is to assist in the process called hemostasis. removal of worn out red blood cells. immune response during an infection. transport of blood gases such as oxygen. destruction of bacteria.

process called hemostasis.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of proteins. water. nitrogen wastes. glucose. electrolytes.

proteins

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the red bone marrow. yellow bone marrow. thymus. spleen. liver.

red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in red bone marrow. the spleen. the intestines. the thymus. yellow bone marrow.

red bone marrow.

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. release of heparin from the liver. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the digestive tract. spleen. liver. bone marrow. spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because red blood cells are green when they leave circulation. bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise. dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury. hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color. the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin

People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________. their blood lacks A and B agglutinins (antibodies) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins they usually have very strong red blood cells their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme fibrinogen-converting enzyme. factor VIII. thrombin. plasmin. prothrombinase.

thrombin.

The most abundant component of plasma is (are) gases. ions. nutrients. proteins. water.

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called packed blood. whole blood. lymph. serum. extracellular fluid.

whole blood

Blood type is identified primarily by the Rh blood group. the HB blood system. both the ABO and Rh blood groups. the Kahn blood group. the ABO blood group.

both the ABO and Rh blood groups.