Chapter 19 A&P 2

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

100

_______ are the only good vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange

Capillaries

Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves

Channeling blood away from the heart

After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, which of the following compensatory responses would not occur?

Circulatory shock

The superior vena cava collect blood from the

Head, chest, and upper limbs

A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause

Increased blood pH

An important after that supplies blood to the brain is the ______ artery

Internal carotid

Blood from the brain turns to the heart through the _______ vein.

Internal jugular

Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vena cava

It is considered a larger vein

An artery delivering blood to the kidney would have ________ blood in it and would be part of the ________ circuit.

Oxygenated; systemic

A "blue baby" is often associated with what congenital heart defect?

Patent ductus arteriosus

Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Pulmonary arteries

Materials can move across capillary walls by?

Reabsorption, filtration, and diffusion

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the

Right atrium

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit

Right atrium6767

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the

Right ventricle

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

Systemic venous system

Where is the majority of blood volume located during rest?

Systemic venous system

Veins of the brain empty into

The dural sinuses

Name the immediate and long-term problems related to hemorrhage

The immediate problem related to hemorrhage is maintaining adequate blood pressure and peripheral blood flow. The long-term problems related to hemorrhage is to restore normal blood volume

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except

The osmolarity of interstitial fluids

Describe the respiratory pump

The respiratory pump is a mechanism by which a reduction of pressure in the thoracic cavity during inhalation assists venous return to the heart.

Where are chemoreceptors located

They are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies

Why are valves located in veins but not in arteries

Valves are located in veins to prevent blood from flowing backward because venous pressure is too low to keep the blood moving back toward the heart

List the factors that contribute to total peripheral resistance?

Vascular resistance, vessel length, vessel luminal diameter, blood viscosity, and turbulence

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels

Venules

All of the following occur during exercise except

blood flow to skin decreases

The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ______

body organs; right atrium

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

All of the following occur in response to hemorrage except

increase in blood pressure

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the

left atrium

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

Vasculogenesis refers to

the formation of the first vessels.

Angiogenesis refers to

the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels.

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

The most common congenital heart defect is

ventricular septal defect

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest

A vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body

Accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys, experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure, increase water intake, experiences a recall of interstitial fluids

Identify the largest artery in the body

Aorta

The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is

Artioventricular septal defect

What effect does an increase in the respiratory rate have on CO2 levels

Decreases CO2 levels

Which of the following would have the greatest effect on vascular resistance

Decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2

define edema

Edema is an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in peripheral tissues

Which is greater; arterial pressure of venous pressure

arterial pressure

Where is blood pressure highest

arteries

List the five general classes of blood vessels.

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

RBC's move single file through this structure

capillary

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

Arterioles ________.

have a poorly defined tunica externa

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls