Chapter 19 Blood

What is the average lifespan of erythrocytes?

100-120 days

How much blood does the average adult have?

5 liters of blood in their body, that makes up 7-8% of their body weight

Which would be a normal hematocrit value for a healthy adult male?

50

What percentage of the blood is composed of plasma?

55%

Normal blood pH should fall between __________.

7.35-7.45

The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?

A and B antigens

Which antigens does a person with blood type A- have on the surface of his or her erythrocytes?

A antigens

Type A blood contains __________.

A antigens and anti-B antibodies

Which of the following donors will be suitable for a recipient with type A+ blood?

A donor with O- blood

Mr. Jones, whose blood type is A-, has been injured and requires a blood transfusion. Which blood type may be acceptable for Mr. Jones to acquire?

A- or O-

Which of the following blood types is considered the universal recipient?

AB+

Which of the following statements concerning blood is true?

All formed elements are produced in red bone marrow.

Which of the following homeostatic consequences can result from extensive blood loss from an injury?

All of the following choices are correct

Which of the following antibodies does a person with type B+ blood have in their plasma?

Anti-A antibodies

What happens when antibodies encounter a foreign blood protein?

Antibodies attach to the blood protein and cause clumping of the blood.

Which of the following blood types would agglutinate if donated to a person with blood type A+?

B-

Which of the following characteristics is associated with erythrocytes?

Biconcave shape

Which of the following products from the breakdown of hemoglobin is excreted as a waste product by the liver?

Bilirubin

Which of the following characteristics do platelets have?

Capable of oxidative catabolism

What is another name for the Rh antigen?

D antigen

Which leukocyte is the second-to-least common?

Eosinophil

You are examining a human blood smear under the microscope and note a large cell with a bilobed nucleus and orange-red granules in the cytoplasm. Identify the cell.

Eosinophil

Which leukocytes have cytoplasmic granules that stain red and bilobed nuclei?

Eosinophils

Which formed element contains hemoglobin?

Erythrocyte

Which of the following events must occur first during hemostasis?

Formation of thrombin

What cell gives rise to all formed elements?

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

Which best describes coagulation?

It is a positive feedback mechanism.

What is hemostasis?

It is the process of blood clotting to reestablish a closed vascular system.

You are examining a human blood smear under the microscope and note a cell with a large, un-lobed nucleus that takes up almost the entire cell volume and violet granules in the cytoplasm. Identify the cell.

Lymphocyte

What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult?

Neutrophil

Which of the following blood types is compatible with B- during a transfusion?

O-

Hemostasis is mediated by which of the following formed elements?

Platelets

In erythropoiesis, what is the name of the cell that ejects its nucleus and other organelles prior to being released into the bloodstream?

Reticulocyte

Select how an erythrocyte's structure relates to its function.

The biconcave shape allows flexibility to pass through capillaries and increase surface area.

What is hematocrit?

The percentage of blood composed of erythrocytes

How does a granulocyte differ from an agranulocyte?

The presence or absence of visible granules in the cytoplasm

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with platelets?

They are incapable of oxidative catabolism.

Which formed element functions in blood clotting?

Thrombocyte

Select the appropriate pathway for the steps of hemostasis.

Vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, and thrombolysis

What vitamin is necessary for certain clotting factors to operate during coagulation?

Vitamin K

Antibodies react with foreign proteins to cause ___________, or the clumping of the cells.

agglutination

Which of the following solutes is a plasma protein?

albumin

Which of these people will produce anti-Rh antibodies?

an Rh- person who has been previously exposed to Rh antigen and sensitized

Which of the following pairs of terms can be used interchangeably?

antibody and agglutinin

Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as __________.

antigens

Which leukocyte is the least common and functions to mediate inflammation?

basophil

White blood cells that have an S-shaped nucleus and large dark-staining granules are the __________.

basophils

An example of a waste product from the breakdown of hemoglobin is__________.

biliverdin

What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade?

calcium ions

Fibrin converts the soft, liquid platelet plug into a more solid mass by the process of ______________.

coagulation

The process that converts fibrinogen to fibrin and results in the formation of a more solid clot is called __________.

coagulation

Which of the following functions is not associated with erythropoietin?

decrease production of protein hemoglobin

A patient comes in with a parasitic worm infection. Which of the following blood cell count would you likely see increased?

eosinophils

The percentage of blood composed of erythrocytes is called __________.

hematocrit

What is the oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes?

hemoglobin

What process does agglutination promote?

hemolysis

The process that stops bleeding from an injured vessel is called __________.

hemostasis

Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY?

increased erythropoiesis; aplastic anemia

What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis?

kidney

Which of the following is a characteristic of erythrocytes?

large surface area to volume ratio

Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?

lymphocyte

Platelets are cell fragments derived from __________.

megakaryocytes

Platelets form from large cells called __________.

megakaryocytes

You are observing a blood slide under the microscope and you see a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and light blue cytoplasm. You identify this cell as a __________.

monocyte

Which of the following components is not one of the formed elements in blood?

plasma

Which of the following is not one of the functions of blood?

protect vital organs

Which of the following functions is not associated with blood?

protecting internal organs

Which of the following is a stimulus for erythropoiesis?

reduced availability of oxygen

Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation?

spleen

The enzyme that coverts fibrinogen to fibrin is __________.

thrombin

The process by which a blood clot dissolves is called __________.

thrombolysis

What process dissolves a blood clot?

thrombolysis

The primary function of red blood cells is to __________.

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which of the following blood types is considered the universal recipient?

type AB+

A sample reacts with anti-A and anti-B antibodies, but it does not react with anti-Rh antibodies. What is the sample's blood type?

type AB-

The first step of hemostasis is __________.

vascular spasm

Which is NOT a function or characteristic associated with vasoconstriction?

vessel diameter increases

Which of the following vitamins is essential for the production of clotting factors?

vitamin K

The most abundant component of plasma is __________.

water