Chapter 19 History Test

what were major conflicts with the native americans

1. One took place in Minnesota in the summer of 1862. Angry at what they felt were broken promises from the government, Sioux warriors burned and looted the homes of white settlers. Hundreds of people died before U.S. Army troops put down the uprising. The government forced most Sioux to move to reservations in the Dakota Territory. 2. tensions were increasing in Colorado Territory. The miners rushing there in search of gold and silver displaced and angered Native Americans who already lived there. Bands of Cheyenne and Arapaho raided wagon trains and stole cattle and horses from ranches. About 200 settlers were killed. U.S. troops responded with attacks on Native American villages in the territory. 3. the Sioux were alarmed when the U.S. Army began building forts along the Bozeman Trail. This trail to Montana's gold mines went through Sioux country. Led by Red Cloud, the Sioux launched a series of attacks on the forts. One of the bloodiest occurred on December 21, 1866. The Sioux trapped and killed 80 U.S. soldiers in what became known as the Fetterman Massacre. 4. In 1877 the U.S. government ordered the Nez Perce to leave their land and move to a reservation in Idaho or be forcibly removed. Their leader, Chief Joseph, decided to leave. Before he could act, a small group of Nez Perce attacked and killed several settlers. Knowing that his small band had no chance of defeating the U.S. Army, Joseph decided to retreat to Canada. With only about 200 warriors and nearly 600 women and children, he started north. 5. In June 1876, Sitting Bull gathered Sioux and Cheyenne warriors along the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory. They were joined by Crazy Horse, another Sioux chief, and his forces. With only about 250 soldiers, Lieutenant Colonel George Custer of the U.S. Army faced thousands of warriors. Still, he attacked. In the battle, Custer and almost all of his men were killed. 5. After Sitting Bull's death, several hundred Lakota Sioux gathered at Wounded Knee, a creek in southwestern South Dakota. They were armed. In December 1890, the U.S. Army sent troops to Wounded Knee. Their mission was to collect the Sioux weapons. As they did this, one of the guns discharged—fired a shot. The army, in turn, opened fire. When the shooting ended, more than 200 Lakota Sioux men, women, and children, and 25 soldiers lay dead. Wounded Knee marked the end of armed conflict between the U.S. government and Native Americans.

What side would i take? (Native American Version)

1. The native americans were on the land first 2. The native americans were forced to move onto reservations 4. many of the battles were started by the whites 5. their land was taken 6. their leader was killed

what political party emerged within the farmers

Farmers' Alliance leaders decided to turn the movement into a national political party. In February 1890, Alliance members formed the People's Party of the U.S.A., also known as the Populist Party. The party's goals were rooted in populism, or an appeal to the common people.The Populist Party believed government—not private companies— should own railroads and telegraph lines. The Populists also supported several political and labor reforms. They wanted to limit the president and vice president to a single term, elect senators directly, and introduce the use of secret ballots.In the local elections of 1894, the Populists did well. They had hopes of building even more support in the presidential election of 1896. Despite choosing energetic candidates, however, the Populists lacked money and organization.

What was the Homestead Act?

In 1862 Congress passed the Homestead Act to encourage settlement on the Great Plains. This law gave up to 160 acres (65 ha) of land to any head of a family who paid a $10 filing fee and lived on the land for five years. Later laws increased the amount of land available. The policy brought farmers to the Plains to homestead—earn ownership of land by settling on it.

what were the farmers on the great plains doing

In the late 1800s, American farmers experienced great economic hardships. The expansion of farming on the Great Plains was a major cause. The supply of crops kept increasing, but the demand did not. Without enough buyers, farmers had to lower their prices to attract more. In 1866 a bushel of wheat sold for $1.45. By the mid-1880s, the price was 80 cents, and by the mid-1890s, it was 49 cents. At the same time, farmers' expenses—for seed, equipment, and transporting their goods to market—remained high. Farmers had other financial problems. Railroad companies charged them high rates to ship their crops. Bankers charged them high interest rates on loans for seed or farm equipment.They believed they would have more power if they banded together. Before long, they had created a political movement. The first large farmers' organization was a network of local groups that became the National Grange. At first, its main purpose was social.

Who lived on the Great Plains?

In the mid-1800s, miners, ranchers, and farmers began to settle on the Great Plains. In many places, they competed for land and resources with the Native Americans who already lived there. Conflict with settlers and the government grew as Native Americans tried to preserve their ways of life.

where did the transcontinental railroad run

It connected the Atlantic and pacific coasts, The Central Pacific Company worked eastward from Sacramento, California. The Union Pacific Company laid track westward. It began work in Omaha, Nebraska, at the western edge of the existing American rail network.

why were the conflicts with the native americans happening

Many of the conflicts happened over land, difference in cultures, and the indians being forced to be moved on the reservations

What was the Oklahoma Land Rush?

The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 was the first land rush into the Unassigned Lands. The area that was opened to settlement included all or part of the present-day Canadian, Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma, and Payne counties of the US state of Oklahoma.

Who built the transcontinental railroad?

The Union Pacific officers were east coast based investors and they hired mostly Irish immigrants, freed African American former slaves, and civil war veterans. The Central Pacific officers were west coast based and they hired mostly Chinese immigrants to do the building work on the western half of the railroad

How was the Transcontinental Railroad funded?

The railroad was funded by the Big Four Sacramento Merchants, private investigators, and the US Government. The Government provided the land and the private industry builds the tracks.

Why was the transcontinental railroad important?

it had dramatic economic, cultural, and political significance to the development of the United States. ... The railroad's ability to connect both coasts with a relatively quick form of transportation opened markets for goods that did not exist earlier.

what were the miners on the great plains doing there

payed 20 dollars a day because they mined throughout states and found the worlds richest silver

what were ranchers on the great plains doing

texas ranchers had plenty of cattle, but their profits were low. Because the supply was high, longhorns sold for only $3 or $4 each in Texas. Yet, in the cities of the North and East, demand for beef was high. Cattle sold there for $40 per head. If Texans could get their cattle to those markets, their profits would be huge.Cowhands rode all day in all kinds of weather. They faced many dangers, including violent storms and "rustlers" who tried to steal cattle. Another danger was stampedes. These occurred when something frightened the cattle, causing the animals to panic and run. Cowhands had to ride among thousands of pounding hooves to chasedown the sprinting cattle and bring the herd under control.