Chapter 19 Multiple Choice

Between 1778 and 1780, the former British colonies in North America were joined in their war against Britain by A) France. B) France and Spain. C) France, Spain, and the Netherlands. D) France, Spain, the Netherlands, and Sweden. E) Russia.

A) France.

The first great revolt against the Grand Empire occurred in ___________ in 1808. A) Spain B) Italy C) Holland D) Portugal E) the Rhineland

A) Spain

The grievance petitions from all three estates called for all of the following except A) an American-style republic. B) a constitutional monarchy. C) the guarantee by law of individual liberties. D) economic reforms. E) improvement in the living conditions of provincial clergy.

A) an American-style republic.

The __________ system was meant to exclude British goods from the continent. A) continental B) blockade C) exculsion D) French E) imperial

A) continental

The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary Third Estate included A) everyone who was not a noble or member of the clergy. B) the clergy. C) the peasantry. D) the nobility. E) businessmen and artisans.

A) everyone who was not a noble or a member of the clergy.

The Stamp Act of 1765 A) required residents of the British colonies in North America to pay a tax on a long list of legal documents, publications, dice, playing cards, and so on. B) required residents of the British colonies to pay for a special "colonial" stamp in their passports. C) established the first nationwide postal service in Great Britain. D) placed high taxes on tea imported to the Americas. E) allowed the king to rule the colonies by decree, bypassing Parliament.

A) required residents of the British colonies in North America to pay tax on a long list of legal documents, publications, dice, playing cards, and so on.

Which of the following occurred first? A) Napoleon founds the Bank of France. B) Napoleon overthrows the Directory. C) France signs the Treaty of Amiens with Britain. D) Britain defeats France at the Battle of Trafalgar. E) Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Britain form the Quadruple Alliance.

B) Napoleon overthrows the Directory.

The distinctiveness of North American society included all of the following except A) great political equality compared to European societies. B) probably the highest living standards in the world. C) personal freedom in questions of religion. D) a tradition of self-government. E) a high degree of social and economic equality.

B) probably the highest living standards in the world.

Abbé Sieyès's answer to the question "What is the Third Estate?" was that it was A) a bunch of rabble-rousers. B) the true strength of the French nation. C) those who adhered to liberalism. D) the business and professional elite. E) a parasitic class that robbed the peasantry and artisans of the just fruits of their labor.

B) the true strength of the French nation.

During the Hundred Days, A) the sans-culottes committed the September Massacres. B) Napoleon was driven from Russia. C) Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly. D) the Reign of Terror executed 30,000 people. E) the National Assembly wrote France's first constitution.

C) Napoleon returned from exile to rule fFrance briefly.

The accomplishments of the National Assembly included all of the following except the A) administrative reorganization of the provinces. B) introduction of the metric system. C) introduction of universal compulsory education. D) abolition of monopolies, guilds, and internal tariffs. E) abolition of the nobility as a legal order.

C) introduction of universal compulsory education.

The men elected to represent the Third Estate at the Estates General were primarily A) provincial nobles. B) businessmen. C) lawyers and government officials. D) sansculottes. E) wealthy peasants.

C) lawyers and government officials.

The Reign of Terror ended when A) the First Coalition armies entered Paris. B) the Pope threatened to excommunicate Robespierre. C) members of the Convention, afraid Robespierre would turn the Terror on them, had him arrested and executed. D) crowds of Parisians stormed the jails and released the prisoners. E) the French army mutinied.

C) members of the COnvention, afraid Robespierre would turn the Terror on them, had him arrested and executed.

The Committee of Public Safety was A) Napoleon's secret police. B) the Paris police department. C) King Louis XVI's secretariat for roads and public works. D) an emergency executive committee appointed by the Convention. E) the Parliamentary committee chaired by Sir Edmund Burke.

D) an emergency executive committee appointed by the Convention.

The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789-1791 passed laws that A) eliminated women's right to hold property. B) made divorce more difficult. C) banned Catholic priests from marrying couples. D) broadened women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property. E) made men and women equal.

D) broadened women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property.

During the September Massacres, A) Robespierre crushed the Conspiracy of Equals. B) the Directory suppressed popular revolts. C) the king fled France. D) the Austrian army slaughtered civilians in eastern France. E) Parisian crowds slaughtered prison inmates.

E) Parisian crowds slaughtered civilians in eastern France.

The Tennis Court Oath was A) sworn by Maximilien Robespierre. B) sworn by King Louis XVI. C) sworn by members of the Paris parlement. D) sworn by all delegates of the Estates General. E) sworn by renegade delegates from the Estates General, most of them from the Third Estate.

E) sworn by renegade delegates from the Estates General, most of them from the Third Estate.

Napoleon seized power in A) 1799. B) 1802. C) 1789. D) 1812. E) 1793.

A) 1799.

The Declaration of Pillnitz A) was issued by Austria and Prussia to intimidate French revolutionaries. B) abolished the Holy Roman Empire. C) affirmed the rights of French men and women. D) insured the continuation of slavery in French colonies. E) declared war on the French revolutionary government.

A) was issued by Austria and Prussia to intimidate French revolutionaries.

Opponents of the U.S. Constitution were called A) Loyalists. B) Federalists. C) AntiFederalists. D) Liberals. E) Republicans.

C) AntiFederalists.

The Treaty of ___________ (1802) left France in control of Holland and the Austrian Netherlands. A) Amiens B) Munich C) Amsterdam D) Antwerp E) Brussels

A) Amiens

Napoleon's invasion of __________ began in June 1812. A) Russia B) Prussia C) Italy D) Britain E) Sweden

A) Russia

The group that met in 1787 to discuss tax reform was the A) Estates General. B) Assembly of Notables. C) National Assembly. D) National Convention. E) Parlement of Paris

B) Assembly of Notables.

Which of the following occurred last? A) Napoleon founds the Bank of France. B) Napoleon invades Russia. C) Napoleon crowns himself emperor. D) France signs the Treaty of Amiens with Britain. E) Britain defeats France at the Battle of Trafalgar.

B) Napoleon invades Russia.

In 1801 Napoleon signed a Concordat with A) King George III. B) Alexander II. C) King Emanuel III. D) Pope Pius VII. E) the National Assembly.

D) Pope Pius VII.

The Reign of Terror was directed primarily at A) the aristocracy. B) monarchists and Girondins. C) members of the middle class. D) any and all enemies of the Revolution. E) the clergy.

D) any and all enemies of the Revolution.

During the early years of the French Revolution A) peasant women were among the most radical revolutionaries. B) common Parisian women played key roles in a number of Revolution events. C) some French women were elected to posts in the Estates General, the National Assembly, and the Legislative Assembly. D) women all over France were politically passive. E) Marie Antoinette, wife of King Louis XVI, came out in support of the revolutionaries.

B) common Parisian women played key roles in a number of Revolution events.

Eighteenth century liberalism called for all of the following except A) individual human rights. B) economic equality. C) the people's sovereignty. D) equality of opportunity. E) religious tolerance.

B) economic equality.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen guaranteed all of the following except A) equality before the law. B) economic equality. C) representative government. D) individual freedom. E) the presumption of innocence in criminal investigations.

B) economic equality.

According to Olympe de Gouges, A) women should enjoy special rights and privileges. B) men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law. C) monarchy was the most oppressive form of government. D) it was natural to exclude women from the political process. E) the government ought to sponsor free public day care.

B) men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law.

According to the text the string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-1974 was largely due to A) superior generalship. B) patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft. C) superior French technology and tactics. D) Austria's withdrawal from the First Coalition. E) French control of the seas.

B) patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft.

According to the text, the Directory continued French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments A) out of an ideological commitment to liberate all of Europe from aristocratic domination. B) out of fear that without French intervention Russia would dominate the continent. C) because big, victorious armies kept men employed and could draw sustenance from the conquered areas. D) because the nationalistic populace demanded this. E) to prevent the French people from asking questions about the Terror of 1793 to 1794.

C) because big, victorious armies kept men employed and could draw sustenance from the conquered areas.

The term "Great Fear" refers to the A) Reign of Terror (1793-94). B) murder of thousands of detainees in Paris prisons in the fall of 1792. C) fear of vagabonds and outlaws in the countryside that fanned the flames of rebellion in the summer of 1789. D) horrific retreat of the Great Army from Russia in 1812. E) panic at the invasion of France by Austria and Prussia in the summer of 1792.

C) fear of vagabonds and outlaws in the countryside that fanned the flames of rebellion in the summer of 1789.

All of the following were aspects of the influence of the American Revolution on the French Revolution except A) providing young men with a taste of revolutionary action and ideals. B) providing a revolutionary role model. C) increasing the class conflict between nobility and bourgeoisie. D) increasing the financial burdens of the state. E) providing the example of a revolutionary government producing a written constitution.

C) increasing the class conflict between nobility and bourgeoisie.

Napoleon defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of ___________ in 1805. A) Bordeno B) Westphalia C) Berlin D) Austerlitz E) Jena

D) Austerlitz

Revisionist historians of the French Revolution stress all of the following except the A) fluidity and relative openness of the nobility. B) adoption of liberalism by many nobles. C) common economic goals of the nobility and the middle class. D) conflict between the nobility and the bourgeoisie. E) idea that the Old Regime had ceased to correspond with the social reality of the 1780s.

D) conflict between the nobility and the bourgeoisie.

In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on A) the military. B) the royal court. C) administrative functions. D) interest payments on the debt. E) bread subsidies for the poor.

D) interest payments on the debt.

Mary Wollstonecraft argued that A) women were naturally inferior to men. B) thorough reform in France would lead to anarchy. C) women's place in society was in the private sphere. D) men and women would benefit from sexual equality. E) children under the age of seventeen ought not to be employed in factories.

D) men and women would benefit from sexual equality.

The life-and-death political struggle between the Girondins and the Mountain resulted mainly from A) profound differences on questions of policy. B) the Girondins' rejection of war. C) the Girondins' radical economic and social policies. D) personal hatred and jealousy. E) religious differences.

D) personal hatred and jealousy.

According to the text, in the summer of 1789 the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by A) Maximilien Robespierre's brilliant rhetoric. B) fear of attack by Austria and Prussia. C) King Louis XVI's attempted flight from France. D) revolutionary actions by French peasants and the common people of Paris. E) the completion of the American constitution.

D) revolutionary actions by French peasants and the common people of Paris.

___________, Russia, and Sweden joined with Britain to form the Third Coalition against France. A) Spain B) Portugal C) Prussia D) Italy E) Austria

E) Austria

During the Reign of Terror, the dominant person on the Committee of Public Safety was A) Abbé Sieyès. B) Napoleon Bonaparte. C) Georges Danton. D) Charles Fourier. E) Maximilien Robespierre.

E) Maximilien Robespierre.