Chapter 19-Review Questions

The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? a. medulla oblongata b. pons c. mesencephalon (midbrain) d. cerebrum

a

What happens to preload when there is venous constriction in the veins? a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It remains constant. d. There is no way to predict.

a

When the semilunar valves are open, which of the following are occurring? 1) Coronary arteries fill 2) AV valves are closed 3) Ventricles are in systole 4) Ventricles are in diastole 5) Blood enters aorta 6) Blood enters pulmonary arteries 7) Atria contract a. 2,3,5,6 b. 1,2,3,7 c. 1,3,5,6 d. 2,4,5,7

a

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? a. tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar b. mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar c. aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid d. bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar

a

Which primitive area of the heart will give rise to the right ventricle? a. bulbus cordis b. primitive ventricle c. sinus venosus d. truncus arteriosus

a

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle? a. mitral b. tricuspid c. pulmonary d. aortic

a

An ECG provides information about a. Cardiac output b. Movement of the excitation wave across the heart c. Coronary circulation d. Valve impairment

b

Freshly oxygenated blood is first received by the a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle

b

In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart rate increases above 160 bpm? a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It remains constant. d. There is no way to predict.

b

Most blood enters the ventricle during ________. a. atrial systole b. atrial diastole c. ventricular systole d. isovolumic contraction

b

The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors. a. pericardial sac b. endocardium c. myocardium d. epicardium

b

The chordae tendineae a. Close the atrioventricular valves b. Prevent the AV valve flaps from everting c. Contract the papillary muscles d. Open the semilunar valves

b

The fact that the left ventricular wall is thicker than the right reveal a. Pumps a greater volume of blood b. Pumps blood against greater resistance c. Expands the thoracic cage d. Pumps blood through a smaller valve

b

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. a. preload b. afterload c. cardiac output d. stroke volume

b

The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________. a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle

b

Ventricular relaxation immediately follows ________. a. atrial depolarization b. ventricular repolarization c. ventricular depolarization d. atrial repolarization

b

. Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells? a. Only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. Only cardiac muscle has gap junctions. c. Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity d. Only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria.

c

In the heart, 1) action potentials are conducted from cell to cell across the myocardium via gap junctions 2) the SA node sets the pace for the heart as a whole, 3) spontaneous depolarization of cardiac cells can occur in the absence of nerve stimulation 4) cardiac muscle can continue to contract for long periods in the absence of oxygen a. all of the above b. 1,3,4 c. 1,2,3 d. 2,3

c

In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult? a. interatrial septum b. interventricular septum c. atrioventricular septum d. all of the above

c

Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. placenta

c

The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle? a. atrial systole b. ventricular systole c. closing of the atrioventricular valves d. closing of the semilunar valves

c

The portion of the intrinsic conduction system located in the superior interventricular septum is the _______ a. AV node b. SA node c. AV bundle d. Subendocardial conducting network

c

The sequence of contraction of the heart chambers is a. Random b. Left chambers followed by right chambers c. Both atria followed by both ventricles d. Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

c

Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit? a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle

c

Which of the following is a positive inotrope? a. Na+ b. K+ c. Ca2+ d. both Na+ and K+

c

The activity of the heart depends on intrinsic properties of cardiac muscle and on neural factors. Thus, a. vagus nerve stimulation of the heart reduces heart rate b. sympathetic nerve stimulation of the heart decreases time available for ventricular filling c. sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases its force of contraction d. all of the above

d

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected? a. systole b. diastole c. quiescent d. isovolumic contraction

d

The earliest organ to form and begin function within the developing human is the ________. a. brain b. stomach c. lungs d. heart

d

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? a. sodium b. potassium c. chloride d. calcium

d

The pulmonary trunk and aorta are derived from which primitive heart structure? a. bulbus cordis b. primitive ventricle c. sinus venosus d. truncus arteriosus

d

The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the heart are referred to as the ________. a. primitive heart tubes b. endocardial tubes c. cardiogenic region d. cardiogenic tubes

d

Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing? a. atrioventricular node b. atrioventricular bundle c. bundle branches d. Purkinje fibers

d

Which of the following is not important in preventing backflow of blood? a. chordae tendineae b. papillary muscles c. AV valves d. endocardium

d

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria? a. P wave b. QRS complex c. T wave d. none of the above: atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

d